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With numerous ongoing deployments owned by private companies and startups, dense satellite constellations deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) will play a major role in the near future of wireless communications. In addition, the 3rd…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

In free-space optical satellite networks (FSOSNs), satellites connected via laser inter-satellite links (LISLs), latency is a critical factor, especially for long-distance inter-continental connections. Since satellites depend on solar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-11 Jintao Liang , Aizaz Chaudhry , John Chinneck , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

Free space optics (FSO) refers to optical wireless communications in outdoor environments. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role that FSO is envisaged to play in the creation of next-generation satellite networks. To begin with, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-08 Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Space-ground communication systems are important in providing ubiquitous services in a large area. This paper considers the fairness designs under a load-balancing framework with heterogeneous receivers comprising access points (APs) and a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Trinh Van Chien , Ngo Tran Anh Thu , Nguyen Hoang Lam , Hien Quoc Ngo , Symeon Chatzinotas , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

To address an ever-increasing demand for ubiquitous high-speed connectivity, mobile network deployments are becoming increasingly dense. However, this densification has also led to a surge in overall energy consumption, making the process…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Henri Alam , Antonio de Domenico , David López-Pérez , Florian Kaltenberger

Utilizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks equipped with Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) is envisioned to provide lower delay compared to traditional optical networks. However, LEO satellites have constrained energy resources as they…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Kosta Dakic , Chiu Chun Chan , Bassel Al Homssi , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Akram Al-Hourani

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been regarded as promising remedies to support global ubiquitous wireless services. Due to the rapid mobility of LEO satellite, inter-beam/satellite handovers happen…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

The proliferation of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has led to increasing demand for diverse network applications. However, conventional terrestrial access networks (TANs) are inadequate in accommodating various applications for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Sheikh Salman Hassan , Yu Min Park , Yan Kyaw Tun , Walid Saad , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Traditional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) immunity to interference may be approaching a practical performance ceiling. Greater gains are possible outside traditional GNSS orbits and spectrum. GNSS from low Earth orbit (LEO) has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Peter A. Iannucci , Todd E. Humphreys

Dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) among multi-operator low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations is essential for coexistence, yet prevailing policies focus almost exclusively on interference mitigation, leaving geographic equity largely…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi , Hossein Mohammadi , Vuk Marojevic , Bo Tang

The emerging demand for Earth observation (EO) to address environmental challenges has driven unprecedented growth in its primary carrier, Low Earth Orbit satellites, in recent years. Ground stations (GSs), the egress points of these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Haoyuan Zhao , Long Chen , Yi Ching Chou , Hao Fang , Jiangchuan Liu

Through Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), a global coverage connecting areas with minimal or no terrestrial services is envisaged using satellite and air-borne platforms. However, one of the challenges to delivering NTN communications is the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Bisma Manzoor , Akram Al-Hourani , Bassel Al Homssi

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, characterized by their high data throughput and low latency, have gained significant interest from both industry and academia. Routing data efficiently within these networks is essential for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yi Ching Chou , Long Chen , Hengzhi Wang , Feng Wang , Hao Fang , Haoyuan Zhao , Miao Zhang , Xiaoyi Fan , Jiangchuan Liu

Laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) between satellites in a free-space optical satellite network (FSOSN) can be divided into two classes: permanent LISLs (PLs) and temporary LISLs (TLs). TLs are not desirable in next-generation FSOSNs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-25 Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations are beginning to include laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) to extend the Internet to the most remote locations on Earth. Since the process of establishing these links incurs a setup…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

In recent years, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have witnessed rapid development, with inference based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) models emerging as the prevailing technology for remote sensing satellite image recognition. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yijie Chen , Qiyang Zhang , Yiran Zhang , Xiao Ma , Ao Zhou

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are a promising technology for providing low-latency, high-data-rate, and wide-coverage communication services. However, with growing demand for data transmission, future non-terrestrial networks (NTNs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Ziang Liu , Wonjae Shin , Bruno Clerckx

With the construction of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, ubiquitous connectivity has been achieved. Terrestrial networks (TNs), such as cellular networks, are mainly deployed in specific urban areas and use licensed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Bodong Shang , Zheng Wang , Xiangyu Li , Chungang Yang , Chao Ren , Haijun Zhang