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Given a document in a source language, cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims at generating a concise summary in a different target language. Unlike monolingual summarization (MS), naturally occurring source-language documents paired with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jiaan Wang , Fandong Meng , Yunlong Liang , Tingyi Zhang , Jiarong Xu , Zhixu Li , Jie Zhou

Human-translated text displays distinct features from naturally written text in the same language. This phenomena, known as translationese, has been argued to confound the machine translation (MT) evaluation. Yet, we find that existing work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Jingwei Ni , Zhijing Jin , Markus Freitag , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf

Translationese refers to linguistic properties that usually occur in translated texts. Previous works study translationese by framing it as a binary classification between original texts and translated texts. In this paper, we argue that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yikang Liu , Wanyang Zhang , Yiming Wang , Jialong Tang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Fei Huang , Rui Wang , Hai Hu

The term translationese has been used to describe the presence of unusual features of translated text. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of the adverse effects of translationese on machine translation evaluation results. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Yvette Graham , Barry Haddow , Philipp Koehn

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in machine translation, demonstrating impressive performance across diverse languages. However, translationese, characterized by overly literal and unnatural translations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yafu Li , Ronghao Zhang , Zhilin Wang , Huajian Zhang , Leyang Cui , Yongjing Yin , Tong Xiao , Yue Zhang

Translated texts exhibit systematic linguistic differences compared to original texts in the same language, and these differences are referred to as translationese. Translationese has effects on various cross-lingual natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rricha Jalota , Koel Dutta Chowdhury , Cristina España-Bonet , Josef van Genabith

Translations often carry traces of the source language, a phenomenon known as translationese. We introduce the first freely available English-to-Swedish dataset contrasting translationese sentences with idiomatic alternatives, designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jenny Kunz , Anja Jarochenko , Marcel Bollmann

The high-quality translation results produced by machine translation (MT) systems still pose a huge challenge for automatic evaluation. Current MT evaluation pays the same attention to each sentence component, while the questions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Runzhe Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Machine-translated data is widely used in multilingual NLP, particularly when native text is scarce. However, translated text differs systematically from native text. This phenomenon is known as translationese, and it reflects both traces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jenny Kunz

Given a rough, word-by-word gloss of a source language sentence, target language natives can uncover the latent, fully-fluent rendering of the translation. In this work we explore this intuition by breaking translation into a two step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Nima Pourdamghani , Nada Aldarrab , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Kevin Knight , Jonathan May

Cross-lingual natural language processing relies on translation, either by humans or machines, at different levels, from translating training data to translating test sets. However, compared to original texts in the same language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Koel Dutta Chowdhury , Rricha Jalota , Cristina España-Bonet , Josef van Genabith

Machine translation has an undesirable propensity to produce "translationese" artifacts, which can lead to higher BLEU scores while being liked less by human raters. Motivated by this, we model translationese and original (i.e. natural)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Parker Riley , Isaac Caswell , Markus Freitag , David Grangier

Literary translation is a culturally significant task, but it is bottlenecked by the small number of qualified literary translators relative to the many untranslated works published around the world. Machine translation (MT) holds potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Katherine Thai , Marzena Karpinska , Kalpesh Krishna , Bill Ray , Moira Inghilleri , John Wieting , Mohit Iyyer

Translated texts bear several hallmarks distinct from texts originating in the language. Though individual translated texts are often fluent and preserve meaning, at a large scale, translated texts have statistical tendencies which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Shira Wein , Nathan Schneider

LLMs are increasingly being deployed for multilingual applications and have demonstrated impressive translation capabilities between several low and high-resource languages. An aspect of translation that often gets overlooked is that of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Pushpdeep Singh , Mayur Patidar , Lovekesh Vig

Machine translation (MT) plays an important role in benefiting linguists, sociologists, computer scientists, etc. by processing natural language to translate it into some other natural language. And this demand has grown exponentially over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Ankush Garg , Mayank Agarwal

The translation of written language has been known since the 3rd century BC; however, its necessity has become increasingly common in the information age. Today, many translators exist, based on encoder-decoder deep architectures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ronit D. Gross , Yanir Harel , Ido Kanter

Large language models (LLMs) have become a standard for multilingual evaluation, yet they exhibit a severe systematic translationese bias. In this paper, translationese bias is characterized as LLMs systematically favoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hongbin Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefen Bai , Youcheng Pan , Yang Xiang , Jinpeng Wang , Min Zhang

The field of machine translation has progressed tremendously in recent years. Even though the translation quality has improved significantly, current systems are still unable to produce uniformly acceptable machine translations for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Meng Zhang , Xin Jiang , Yang Liu , Qun Liu

Recent studies in the field of Machine Translation (MT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown that existing models amplify biases observed in the training data. The amplification of biases in language technology has mainly been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Eva Vanmassenhove , Dimitar Shterionov , Matthew Gwilliam
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