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Related papers: Task-Conditioned Routing Signatures in Sparse Mixt…

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By introducing routers to selectively activate experts in Transformer layers, the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture significantly reduces computational costs in large language models (LLMs) while maintaining competitive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yukun Jiang , Hai Huang , Mingjie Li , Yage Zhang , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Traditional multi-task learning (MTL) methods use dense networks that use the same set of shared weights across several different tasks. This often creates interference where two or more tasks compete to pull model parameters in different…

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have shown strong multilingual capabilities, yet the internal mechanisms underlying performance gains and cross-language differences remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxin Chen , Zhengzhou Cai , Xiangtian Ji , Weixiang Zhao , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable conditional computation by activating only a subset of model parameters for each input. Although sparse routing has been highly effective in language models and has also shown promise in vision,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Vadim Vashkelis , Natalia Trukhina

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures expand model capacity by sparsely activating experts but face two core challenges: misalignment between router logits and each expert's internal structure leads to unstable routing and expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Shixuan Li , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Heng Ping , Tamoghna Chattopadhyay , Sophia I Thomopoulos , Shahin Nazarian , Paul Thompson , Paul Bogdan

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models enable scalable transformer architectures by activating only a subset of experts per token. Recent evidence suggests that performance improves with increasingly granular experts, i.e., many small experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Klaus-Rudolf Kladny , Maximilian Mordig , Bernhard Schölkopf , Michael Muehlebach

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

The increasing prevalence of sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures in large language models raises important questions regarding their reliability under stochastic decoding. While conditional computation enables substantial gains in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kabir Grover

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models route each token to a small subset of experts, but whether the routes selected by a trained top-$k$ router are good ones is rarely evaluated directly. Holding the model fixed, we compare each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Youngsik Yoon , Siwei Wang , Wei Chen , Jungseul Ok

A common assumption is that MoE routers primarily leverage semantic features for expert selection. However, our study challenges this notion by demonstrating that positional token information also plays a crucial role in routing decisions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Daniel Bershatsky , Ivan Oseledets

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

Recently, Mixture of Experts (MoE) based Transformer has shown promising results in many domains. This is largely due to the following advantages of this architecture: firstly, MoE based Transformer can increase model capacity without…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Zhao You , Shulin Feng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models exhibit striking performance disparities across languages, yet the internal mechanisms driving these gaps remain poorly understood. In this work, we conduct a systematic analysis of expert routing patterns in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kening Zheng , Wei-Chieh Huang , Jiahao Huo , Zhonghao Li , Henry Peng Zou , Yibo Yan , Xin Zou , Jungang Li , Junzhuo Li , Hanrong Zhang , Xuming Hu , Philip S. Yu

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models that employ sparse activation have demonstrated effectiveness in significantly increasing the number of parameters while maintaining low computational requirements per token. However, recent studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Haoran Xu , Maha Elbayad , Kenton Murray , Jean Maillard , Vedanuj Goswami

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) offers an appealing solution to scale up the model complexity beyond the mean of increasing the network's depth or width. However, we argue that effective SMoE training remains challenging because of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nam V. Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Quang Pham , Van Nguyen , Savitha Ramasamy , Nhat Ho

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique can scale up the model size of Transformers with an affordable computational overhead. We point out that existing learning-to-route MoE methods suffer from the routing fluctuation issue, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Damai Dai , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Zhifang Sui , Baobao Chang , Furu Wei