Related papers: Exploring Collatz Dynamics with Human-LLM Collabor…
Collatz Conjecture (also known as Ulam's conjecture and 3x+1 problem) concerns the behavior of the iterates of a particular function on natural numbers. A number of generalizations of the conjecture have been subjected to extensive study.…
We employ density functional theory to calculate the self consistent electronic structure, free energy and linear source-drain conductance of a lateral semiconductor quantum dot patterned via surface gates on the 2DEG formed at the…
The Collatz Conjecture can be stated as: using the reduced Collatz function $C(n) = (3n+1)/2^x$ where $2^x$ is the largest power of 2 that divides $3n+1$, any odd integer $n$ will eventually reach 1 in $j$ iterations such that $C^j(n) = 1$.…
Coherent perfect tunneling in the presence of loss and asymmetry remains a fundamental challenge in wave transport, a universal problem across optics, acoustics, and quantum mechanics. Here we demonstrate coherent perfect tunneling at an…
We study a catching-up algorithm for a class of differential inclusions driven by maximal monotone operators with continuous perturbations. Using a decomposition of the monotone operator into the closed convex hull of its single-valued part…
The Collatz problem with $3x+k$ is revisited. Positive and negative limit cycles are given up to k=9997 starting with $x_0=-2\cdot10^7...+2\cdot10^7$. A simple relation between the probability distribution for the Syracuse iterates for…
The Collatz conjecture is one of the easiest mathematical problems to state and yet it remains unsolved. For each $n\ge 2$ the Collatz iteration is mapped to a binary sequence and a corresponding unique integer which can recreate the…
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable capabilities but typically requires prohibitive parameter scales. CoT distillation has emerged as a promising paradigm to transfer reasoning prowess into…
This is a three part paper. Optimality of source-channel separation for communication with a fidelity criterion when the channel is compound as defined by Csiszar and Korner in their book and general as defined by Verdu and Han, is proved…
Every distributed system -- databases, networks, postal services, CPU caches -- is a message-passing system. Every message-passing system is a growing causal log observed by a set of observers. We present Light Cone Consistency (LCC), a…
The famous (3n + 1) or Collatz conjecture has admitted some progress over the last several decades towards the conclusion that the conjecture is true (i.e. that all Collatz sequences will eventually reach a value of one), but has stubbornly…
We prove a uniform spectral gap for complex transfer operators near the critical line associated to overlapping $C^2$ iterated function systems on the real line satisfying a Uniform Non-Integrability (UNI) condition. Our work extends that…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as generators in iterative neural architecture search (NAS), yet no formal convergence theory exists for this class of algorithms. We model iterative LLM-NAS as a parametric Cross-Entropy…
The main task in this paper is to prove that the perfectly matched layers (PML) method converges exponentially with respect to the PML parameter, for scattering problems with periodic surfaces. In [5], a linear convergence is proved for the…
Define the \emph{Collatz map} $\mathrm{Col} : \mathbb{N}+1 \to \mathbb{N}+1$ on the positive integers $\mathbb{N}+1 = \{1,2,3,\dots\}$ by setting $\mathrm{Col}(N)$ equal to $3N+1$ when $N$ is odd and $N/2$ when $N$ is even, and let…
This paper presents an algorithmic method that, given a positive integer $j$, generates the $j$-th convergence stair containing all natural numbers from where the Collatz conjecture holds by exactly $j$ applications of the Collatz function.…
Prawitz suggested expanding a natural deduction system for intuitionistic logic to include rules for classical logic constructors, allowing both intuitionistic and classical elements to coexist without losing their inherent characteristics.…
We analyse parallel overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition methods for the Helmholtz equation, where the subdomain problems satisfy first-order absorbing (impedance) transmission conditions, and exchange of information between subdomains…
We use SLE(6) paths to construct a process of continuum nonsimple loops in the plane and prove that this process coincides with the full continuum scaling limit of 2D critical site percolation on the triangular lattice -- that is, the…
For a long time, Collatz Conjecture has been assumed to be true, although a formal proof has eluded all efforts to date. In this article, evidence is presented that suggests such an assumption is incorrect. By analysing the stopping times…