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Phase change materials (PCMs) have gained a tremendous interest as a means to actively tune nanophotonic devices through the large optical modulation produced by their amorphous to crystalline reversible transition. Recently, materials such…

Photonic integrated devices are progressively evolving beyond passive components into fully programmable systems, notably driven by the progress in chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) for non-volatile reconfigurable nanophotonics.…

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as key enablers of non-volatile, ultra-compact photonic switches for energy-efficient deep neural network (DNN) applications. In this work, we investigate the recently discovered…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-23 Arpan Sur , Sudipta Saha , Chih-Yu Lee , Ichiro Takeuchi

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) show a significant contrast in optical reflectivity and electrical resistivity upon crystallization from the amorphous phase and are leading candidates for non-volatile photonic and electronic…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-05-20 Shehzad Ahmed , Xudong Wang , Yuxing Zhou , Liang Sun , Riccardo Mazzarello , Wei Zhang

The optical properties of phase-change materials (PCM) can be tuned to multiple levels by controlling the transition between their amorphous and crystalline phases. In multi-material PCM structures, the number of discrete reflectance levels…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Simon Wredh , Yunzheng Wang , Joel K. W. Yang , Robert E. Simpson

The prevalent high intrinsic absorption in the crystalline state of phase-change materials (PCMs), typically leads to a decline in modulation efficiency for phase-change metasurfaces, underutilizing their potential for quasi-continuous…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-22 Luoyao Chu , Yan Li , Shunyu Yao , Yuru Li , Siqing Zeng , Zhaohui Li

Phase changing materials (PCM) are widely used for optical data recording, sensing, all-optical switching, and optical limiting. Our focus here is on the case when the change in the transmission characteristics of the optical material is…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-10 Roney Thomas , Fred M. Ellis , Ilya Vitebsky , Tsampikos Kottos

Programmable and reconfigurable optics hold significant potential for transforming a broad spectrum of applications, spanning space explorations to biomedical imaging, gas sensing, and optical cloaking. The ability to adjust the optical…

We propose an all-photonic, non-volatile memory and processing element based on phase-change thin-films deposited onto nanophotonic waveguides. Using photonic microring resonators partially covered with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) multi-level memory…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-11 Wolfram Pernice , Harish Bhaskaran

We propose advancing photonic in-memory computing through three-dimensional photonic-electronic integrated circuits using phase-change materials (PCM) and AlGaAs-CMOS technology. These circuits offer high precision (greater than 12 bits),…

We introduce phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) into metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide systems to realize chipscale plasmonic modulators and switches in the telecommunication band. Benefitting from the high contrast of optical…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Zhaojian Zhang , Junbo Yang , Wei Bai , Yunxin Han , Xin He , Jingjing Zhang , Jie Huang , Dingbo Chen , Siyu Xu , Wanlin Xie

We report an electrically actuated, low-loss non-volatile optical switch based on the phase-change material (PCM) Sb2Se3 integrated on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. The device is fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-scale process flow,…

In the search for phase change materials (PCM) that may rival traditional random access memory, a complete understanding of the amorphous to crystalline phase transition is required. For the well-known Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and GeTe (GT)…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-19 James L. Bosse , Ilya Grishin , Bryan D. Huey , Oleg V. Kolosov

Phase change materials (PCMs) are well-known for their reversible and rapid switching between crystalline and amorphous phases through thermal excitations mediated by strong electrical or laser pulses. This crystal-to-amorphous transition…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-25 Nicholas Mazzucca , Junjing Zhao , Zhenyang Xu , Despina Louca , Utpal Chatterjee , Marc Bockrath

As modern computing gets continuously pushed up against the von Neumann Bottleneck -- limiting the ultimate speeds for data transfer and computation -- new computing methods are needed in order to bypass this issue and keep our computer's…

Reconfigurable beam splitters capable of being arbitrarily programmed for the power splitting ratios are vital for the adaptive optical networks and photonic computing. Conventional mechanisms such as thermo-optic, free-carrier, or…

We analyze, design and assess the performance of a reflective reconfigurable metasurface (MS) architecture for optical wireless communications. The device is based on the Ge-Sb-Te (GST225) phase-change material (PCM) alloy, thermally…

Programmable photonic integrated circuits are expected to play an increasingly important role to enable high-bandwidth optical interconnects, and large-scale in-memory computing as needed to support the rise of artificial intelligence and…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-11 Jayita Dutta , Rui Chen , Virat Tara , Arka MAjumdar

We survey the current state of phase change memory (PCM), a non-volatile solid-state memory technology built around the large electrical contrast between the highly-resistive amorphous and highly-conductive crystalline states in so-called…

Phase change material (PCM) features distinct optical or electronic properties between amorphous and crystalline states. Recently, it starts to play a key role in the emerging photonic applications like optoelectronic display, dynamic…