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Spatial intelligence, encompassing 3D reconstruction, perception, and reasoning, is fundamental to applications such as robotics, aerial imaging, and extended reality. A key enabler is the real-time, accurate estimation of core 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Wenyan Cong , Yiqing Liang , Yancheng Zhang , Ziyi Yang , Yan Wang , Boris Ivanovic , Marco Pavone , Chen Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Zhiwen Fan

The current state-of-the-art for image annotation and image retrieval tasks is obtained through deep neural networks, which combine an image representation and a text representation into a shared embedding space. In this paper we evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Armand Vilalta , Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Ferran Parés , Eduard Ayguadé , Jesus Labarta , Ulises Cortés , Toyotaro Suzumura

Recently, large models, or foundation models, have exhibited remarkable performance, profoundly impacting research paradigms in diverse domains. Foundation models, trained on extensive and diverse datasets, provide exceptional…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-12-30 Qi Liu , Jianwei Ma

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular approach to optimize expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. A significant challenge in BO is to scale to high-dimensional parameter spaces while retaining sample efficiency. A solution considered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-26 Benjamin Letham , Roberto Calandra , Akshara Rai , Eytan Bakshy

Earth embedding models transform Earth observation data into embeddings uniquely tied to locations on the Earth's surface. These models are typically evaluated in isolation, comparing the downstream task performance across different Earth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Thijs L van der Plas , Jacob JW Bakermans , Vishal Nedungadi , Gabrielė Tijūnaitytė , Marc Rußwurm , Ioannis N Athanasiadis

Node embedding methods find latent lower-dimensional representations which are used as features in machine learning models. In the last few years, these methods have become extremely popular as a replacement for manual feature engineering.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Christoph Martin , Meike Riebeling

Embedders play a central role in machine learning, projecting any object into numerical representations that can, in turn, be leveraged to perform various downstream tasks. The evaluation of embedding models typically depends on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Maxime Darrin , Philippe Formont , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jackie CK Cheung , Pablo Piantanida

Earth Observation (EO) analysis is inherently interactive: resolving uncertainty often requires expanding the region of interest, retrieving historical observations, and switching across sensors such as optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sai Ma , Zhuang Li , Sichao Li , Xinyue Xu , Ruibiao Zhu , Tony Boston , John A. Taylor

Depth estimation is a fundamental task in computer vision with diverse applications. Recent advancements in deep learning have led to powerful depth foundation models (DFMs), yet their evaluation remains challenging due to inconsistencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zhenyu Li , Haotong Lin , Jiashi Feng , Peter Wonka , Bingyi Kang

Foundation models leverage large-scale pretraining to capture extensive knowledge, demonstrating generalization in a wide range of language tasks. By comparison, vision foundation models (VFMs) often exhibit uneven improvements across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shiqi Huang , Yipei Wang , Natasha Thorley , Alexander Ng , Shaheer Saeed , Mark Emberton , Shonit Punwani , Veeru Kasivisvanathan , Dean Barratt , Daniel Alexander , Yipeng Hu

Reliable subnational population estimates are essential for applications, yet remain difficult where censuses are sparse, outdated or spatially coarse. Existing population-mapping workflows rely on hand-built geospatial covariates, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenbin Zhang , Eimear Cleary , Francisco Rowe , Somnath Chaudhuri , Maksym Bondarenko , Shengjie Lai , Andrew J. Tatem

With hundreds of thousands of language models available on Huggingface today, efficiently evaluating and utilizing these models across various downstream, tasks has become increasingly critical. Many existing methods repeatedly learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Richard Zhuang , Tianhao Wu , Zhaojin Wen , Andrew Li , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramchandran

Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Hang Gao , Haibin Di , Sergey Fomel , Jintao Li , Xu Si

In recent years, Multi-modal Foundation Models (MFMs) and Embodied Artificial Intelligence (EAI) have been advancing side by side at an unprecedented pace. The integration of the two has garnered significant attention from the AI research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Min Zhang , Xian Fu , Jianye Hao , Peilong Han , Hao Zhang , Lei Shi , Hongyao Tang , Yan Zheng

Foundational Models pretrained on huge amount of data learn representations that evolve across depth, forming a hierarchy of embeddings with distinct semantic content and geometric structure. Contrary to the widespread practice of using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Arnesh Batra , Arush Gumber , Aniket Khandelwal , Jashn Khemani , Anubha Gupta

Satellite Earth-observation (EO) time series in the optical and microwave ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum are often irregular due to orbital patterns and cloud obstruction. Compositing addresses these issues but loses information…

Geo-Foundation Models (GFMs) have been evaluated across diverse Earth observation task including multiple domains and have demonstrated strong potential of producing reliable maps even with sparse labels. However, benchmarking GFMs for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Saurabh Kaushik , Lalit Maurya , Beth Tellman

Although vision foundation models (VFMs) are increasingly reused for biomedical image analysis, it remains unclear whether the latent representations they provide are general enough to support effective transfer and reuse across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Caterina Fuster-Barceló , Virginie Uhlmann

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a cost-effective, highly accessible and widely employed diagnostic tool. With the advent of Foundation Models (FMs), the field of AI-assisted ECG interpretation has begun to evolve, as they enable model reuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Francesca Filice , Edoardo De Rose , Simone Bartucci , Francesco Calimeri , Simona Perri

Recently, the Deep Learning community has become interested in evolutionary optimization (EO) as a means to address hard optimization problems, e.g. meta-learning through long inner loop unrolls or optimizing non-differentiable operators.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Robert Tjarko Lange , Yujin Tang , Yingtao Tian