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The classical Ramsey numbers $r(s,t)$ denote the minimum $n$ such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ contains either a red clique of order $s$ or a blue clique of order $t$. These quantities are the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Jacques Verstraete

For a graph G and an integer t we let mcc_t(G) be the smallest m such that there exists a coloring of the vertices of G by t colors with no monochromatic connected subgraph having more than m vertices. Let F be any nontrivial minor-closed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. Linial , J. Matousek , O. Sheffet , G. Tardos

The Ramsey number $R(k)$ is the minimum $n \in \mathbb{N}$ such that every red-blue colouring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ on $n$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $K_k$. We prove that \[ R(k) \leqslant (4 -…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Marcelo Campos , Simon Griffiths , Robert Morris , Julian Sahasrabudhe

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a 3-uniform hypergraph. The multicolor Ramsey number $ r_k(\mathcal{H})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that every coloring of $ \binom{[n]}{3}$ with $k$ colors has a monochromatic copy of $\mathcal{H}$. Let $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Tom Bohman , Emily Zhu

Let $r(G,H)$ be the smallest integer $N$ such that for any $2$-coloring (say, red and blue) of the edges of $K\_n$, $n\geqslant N$, there is either a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. Let $K\_n-K\_{1,s}$ be the complete graph on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jonathan Chappelon , Luis Pedro Montejano , Jorge Ramírez Alfonsín

Motivated by an extremal problem on graph-codes that links coding theory and graph theory, Alon recently proposed a question aiming to find the smallest number $t$ such that there is an edge coloring of $K_{n}$ by $t$ colors with no copy of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Gennian Ge , Zixiang Xu , Yixuan Zhang

We study two classical problems in graph Ramsey theory, that of determining the Ramsey number of bounded-degree graphs and that of estimating the induced Ramsey number for a graph with a given number of vertices. The Ramsey number r(H) of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-02 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov

For given graphs $G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k}, k \geq 2$, the multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with $k$ colors,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Farideh Khoeini , Tomasz Dzido

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, the $k$-colored Gallai-Ramsey number $gr_k(G : H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the complete graph on $n$ vertices contains either a rainbow copy of $G$ or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-16 Xihe Li , Ligong Wang

Given graphs $H_1, \dots, H_t$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1, \dots, H_t)$-Ramsey-minimal if every $t$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic $H_i$ in color $i$ for some $i\in\{1, \dots, t\}$, but any proper subgraph of $G $ does not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Martin Rolek , Zi-Xia Song

For two graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $r(G,H)$ is the smallest positive integer $r$, such that any red/blue coloring of the edges of the graph $K_r$ contains either a red subgraph that is isomorphic to $G$ or a blue subgraph that is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-26 Sh. Haghi , H. R. Maimani , A. Seify

For graphs $F$ and $G$, let $F\to G$ signify that any red/blue edge coloring of $F$ contains a monochromatic $G$. Denote by ${\cal G}(N,p)$ the random graph space of order $N$ and edge probability $p$. Using the regularity method, one can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Ye Wang , Yusheng Li

This paper addresses the following question for a given graph $H$: what is the minimum number $f(H)$ such that every graph with average degree at least $f(H)$ contains $H$ as a minor? Due to connections with Hadwiger's Conjecture, this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Bruce Reed , David R. Wood

Let $G$ be a graph, $H$ be a subgraph of $G$, and let $G- H$ be the graph obtained from $G$ by removing a copy of $H$. Let $K_{1, n}$ be the star on $n+ 1$ vertices. Let $t\geq 2$ be an integer and $H_{1}, \dots, H_{t}$ and $H$ be graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Zhidan Luo

As a significant variation of Ramsey numbers, the Gallai-Ramsey number $GR_k(H)$ refers to the smallest positive integer $r$ such that, by coloring the edges of $K_r$ with at most $k$ colors, there exists either a monochromatic subgraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Yanbo Zhang , Yaojun Chen

The typical problem in (generalized) Ramsey theory is to find the order of the largest monochromatic member of a family F (for example matchings, paths, cycles, connected subgraphs) that must be present in any edge coloring of a complete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-04 András Gyárfás , Gábor N. Sárközy , Stanley Selkow

We consider $m$-colorings of the edges of a complete graph, where each color class is defined semi-algebraically with bounded complexity. The case $m = 2$ was first studied by Alon et al., who applied this framework to obtain surprisingly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Jacob Fox , Janos Pach , Andrew Suk

The Ramsey number $r(C_{\ell},K_n)$ is the smallest natural number $N$ such that every red/blue edge-colouring of a clique of order $N$ contains a red cycle of length $\ell$ or a blue clique of order $n$. In 1978, Erd\H{o}s, Faudree,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Peter Keevash , Eoin Long , Jozef Skokan

Given a graph $H$, the $k$-colored Gallai Ramsey number $gr_{k}(K_{3} : H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $n$ vertices contains either a rainbow triangle or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-14 Colton Magnant , Ingo Schiermeyer

An edge-colored graph is called a rainbow graph if all its edges have distinct colors. The anti-Ramsey number $ar(n, G)$, for a graph $G$ and a positive integer $n$, is defined as the minimum number of colors $r$ such that every exact…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Hongliang Lu , Xinyue Luo , Xinxin Ma