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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems currently contribute negatively to the production of digital waste, via the associated energy consumption and the related CO2 emissions. At this moment, a discussion is urgently needed on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Vanessa Utz , Steve DiPaola

The progress of some AI paradigms such as deep learning is said to be linked to an exponential growth in the number of parameters. There are many studies corroborating these trends, but does this translate into an exponential increase in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Radosvet Desislavov , Fernando Martínez-Plumed , José Hernández-Orallo

Large-language-model (LLM)-based AI agents have recently showcased impressive versatility by employing dynamic reasoning, an adaptive, multi-step process that coordinates with external tools. This shift from static, single-turn inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jiin Kim , Byeongjun Shin , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

What looks like acceleration can be a quiet transfer of burden from the present to the future. Attempts to replace human labor with AI systems are often presented as rational responses to technological progress, but that view is often…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wolfgang Rohde

Training advanced AI models requires large investments in computational resources, or compute. Yet, as hardware innovation reduces the price of compute and algorithmic advances make its use more efficient, the cost of training an AI model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Konstantin Pilz , Lennart Heim , Nicholas Brown

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in recent years, yet its rapid expansion brings overlooked environmental and ethical challenges. This review explores four critical areas where AI's impact extends beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jenis Winsta

The skyrocketing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) has created an enormous appetite for globally deployed power-hungry servers. As a result, the environmental footprint of AI systems has come under increasing scrutiny. More crucially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Shaolei Ren , Ramesh K. Sitaraman , Adam Wierman

Global digitalization has given birth to the explosion of digital services in approximately every sector of contemporary life. Applications of artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, and internet of things are promising to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Nuoa Lei

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial instrument for streamlining processes in various industries, including electrical power systems, as a result of recent digitalization. Algorithms for artificial intelligence are data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Abdur Rashid , Parag Biswas , Angona Biswas , MD Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, requiring rapid action across society. As artificial intelligence tools (AI) are rapidly deployed, it is therefore crucial to understand how they will impact climate action.…

Energy consumption and carbon emissions are expected to be crucial factors for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both the scale and the geo-distribution keep increasing, while Artificial Intelligence (AI) further penetrates the "edge"…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Demetris Trihinas , Lauritz Thamsen , Jossekin Beilharz , Moysis Symeonides

We introduce the Economic Productivity of Energy (EPE), GDP generated per unit of energy consumed, as a quantitative lens to assess the sustainability of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution. Historical evidence shows that the first…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-04 Pierluigi Contucci , Godwin Osabutey , Filippo Zimmaro

We formalize a macro-financial stress test for rapid AI adoption. Rather than a productivity bust or existential risk, we identify a distribution-and-contract mismatch: AI-generated abundance coexists with demand deficiency because economic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xupeng Chen

AI-generated answers to conventional search queries dramatically increase the energy consumption. By our estimates, energy demand increase by 60-70 times. This is a based on an updated estimate of energy consumption for conventional search…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Wim Vanderbauwhede

Power consumption has become a critical aspect of modern life due to the consistent reliance on technological advancements. Reducing power consumption or following power usage predictions can lead to lower monthly costs and improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shivani Mruthyunjaya , Anandi Dutta , Kazi Sifatul Islam

Artificial intelligence (AI) is fueling exponential electricity demand growth, threatening grid reliability, raising prices for communities paying for new energy infrastructure, and stunting AI innovation as data centers wait for…

The recent growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly large language models, requires energy-demanding high-performance computing (HPC) data centers, which poses a significant burden on power system capacity. Scheduling data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Yihong Zhou , Angel Paredes , Chaimaa Essayeh , Thomas Morstyn

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

The unprecedented rapid growth of computing demand for AI is projected to increase global annual datacenter (DC) growth from 7.2% to 11.3%. We project the 5-year AI DC demand for several power grids and assess whether they will allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Liuzixuan Lin , Rajini Wijayawardana , Varsha Rao , Hai Nguyen , Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga , Andrew A. Chien

Microgrids have emerged as a pivotal solution in the quest for a sustainable and energy-efficient future. While microgrids offer numerous advantages, they are also prone to issues related to reliably forecasting renewable energy demand and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-14 Noor ul Misbah Khanum , Hayssam Dahrouj , Ramesh C. Bansal , Hissam Mouayad Tawfik