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The scalable computing revolution of the late '80s through mid- '00s forged a new technical and economic model for computing that delivered massive societal impact, but its economic benefit has driven scalability to sizes that are now…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Steven P. Reinhardt

The rapid adoption of AI in Earth system science promises unprecedented speed and fidelity in the generation of climate information. However, this technological prowess rests on a fragile and unequal foundation: the current trajectory of AI…

Edge Computing enables low-latency processing for real-time applications but introduces challenges in power management due to the distributed nature of edge devices and their limited energy resources. This paper proposes a stochastic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Fabio Diniz Rossi

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), it is foreseeable that the accuracy and efficiency of dynamic analysis for future power system will be greatly improved by the integration of dynamic simulators and AI. To explore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Tannan Xiao , Ying Chen , Jianquan Wang , Shaowei Huang , Weilin Tong , Tirui He

The flexibility in electricity consumption and production in communities of residential buildings, including those with renewable energy sources and energy storage (a.k.a., prosumers), can effectively be utilized through the advancement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Aleksei Kychkin , Georgios C. Chasparis

With the growing attention and investment in recent AI approaches such as large language models, the narrative that the larger the AI system the more valuable, powerful and interesting it is is increasingly seen as common sense. But what is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Gaël Varoquaux , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Meredith Whittaker

Artificial Intelligence's (AI) rapid development and growth not only transformed industries but also fired up important debates about its impacts on employment, resource allocation, and the ethics involved in decision-making. It serves to…

General Economics · Economics 2025-04-16 Mfon Akpan , Adeyemi Adebayo

Recent breakthroughs of large language models (LLMs) have exhibited superior capability across major industries and stimulated multi-hundred-billion-dollar investment in AI-centric data centers in the next 3-5 years. This, in turn, bring…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yuzhuo Li , Mariam Mughees , Yize Chen , Yunwei Ryan Li

Barroso's seminal contributions in energy-proportional warehouse-scale computing launched an era where modern datacenters have become more energy efficient and cost effective than ever before. At the same time, modern AI applications have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Carole-Jean Wu , Bilge Acun , Ramya Raghavendra , Kim Hazelwood

High-Performance Computing (HPC) has recently entered the Exascale era, and considerable efforts are being made to fully harness this potential power for large-scale applications, such as cutting-edge generative AI (training and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Roblex Nana Tchakoute , Claude Tadonki

AI inference is becoming a persistent and geographically distributed source of electricity demand. Unlike many traditional electrical loads, inference workloads can sometimes be executed away from the user-facing service location, provided…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xubin Luo , Cheng Yang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arnault Pachot , Céline Patissier

Artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize the development industry, primarily electrical and electronics engineering. By automating recurring duties, AI can grow productivity and efficiency in creating. For instance, AI can research…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Nwosu Obinnaya Chikezie Victor

The electric power sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in the world. In recent years, there has been an unprecedented increase in electricity demand driven by the so-called Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Claudio Battiloro , Gianluca Guidi , Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi , Francesca Dominici

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved significant advancements in technology and research with the development over several decades, and is widely used in many areas including computing vision, natural language processing, time-series…

Major innovations in computing have been driven by scaling up computing infrastructure, while aggressively optimizing operating costs. The result is a network of worldwide datacenters that consume a large amount of energy, mostly in an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Walid A. Hanafy , Roozbeh Bostandoost , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Prashant Shenoy

The accelerating expansion of AI workloads is colliding with an energy landscape increasingly dominated by intermittent renewable generation. While vast quantities of zero-carbon energy are routinely curtailed, today's centralized…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Giuseppe Tomei , Andrea Mayer , Giuseppe Alcini , Stefano Salsano

As research and practice in artificial intelligence (A.I.) grow in leaps and bounds, the resources necessary to sustain and support their operations also grow at an increasing pace. While innovations and applications from A.I. have brought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Dan Zhao , Nathan C. Frey , Joseph McDonald , Matthew Hubbell , David Bestor , Michael Jones , Andrew Prout , Vijay Gadepally , Siddharth Samsi

AI Scaling has traditionally been synonymous with Scaling Up, which builds larger and more powerful models. However, the growing demand for efficiency, adaptability, and collaboration across diverse applications necessitates a broader…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yunke Wang , Yanxi Li , Chang Xu

This paper develops a unified framework for evaluating the optimal degree of task automation. Moving beyond binary automate-or-not assessments, we model automation intensity as a continuous choice in which firms minimize costs by selecting…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Wensu Li , Atin Aboutorabi , Harry Lyu , Kaizhi Qian , Martin Fleming , Brian C. Goehring , Neil Thompson