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Recent studies from several hyperscalars pinpoint to embedding layers as the most memory-intensive deep learning (DL) algorithm being deployed in today's datacenters. This paper addresses the memory capacity and bandwidth challenges of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Youngeun Kwon , Yunjae Lee , Minsoo Rhu

Compute-in-memory (CIM) based neural network accelerators offer a promising solution to the Von Neumann bottleneck by computing directly within memory arrays. However, SRAM CIM faces limitations in executing larger models due to its cell…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Shurui Li , Puneet Gupta

Analog Compute-in-Memory (CiM) accelerators are increasingly recognized for their efficiency in accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, their dependence on Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) for accumulating partial sums from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Shubham Negi , Utkarsh Saxena , Deepika Sharma , Kaushik Roy

Neuromorphic or neurally-inspired optimizers rely on local but parallel parameter updates to solve problems that range from quadratic programming to Ising machines. An ideal realization of such an optimizer not only uses a compute-in-memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zihao Chen , Faiek Ahsan , Johannes Leugering , Gert Cauwenberghs , Shantanu Chakrabartty

Always-on TinyML perception tasks in IoT applications require very high energy efficiency. Analog compute-in-memory (CiM) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises high efficiency and also provides self-contained on-chip model storage.…

The utilization of large-scale neural networks on Processing-In-Memory (PIM) accelerators encounters challenges due to constrained on-chip memory capacity. To tackle this issue, current works explore model compression algorithms to reduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Chenyu Wang , Zhen Dong , Daquan Zhou , Zhenhua Zhu , Yu Wang , Jiashi Feng , Kurt Keutzer

Like masked language modeling (MLM) in natural language processing, masked image modeling (MIM) aims to extract valuable insights from image patches to enhance the feature extraction capabilities of the underlying deep neural network (DNN).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yixuan Luo , Mengye Ren , Sai Qian Zhang

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is an efficient method for implementing deep neural networks (DNNs) but suffers from substantial overhead from analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially as ADC precision increases. Low-precision ADCs can reduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jiyoon Kim , Kang Eun Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jong Hwan Ko

Various processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators based on various devices, micro-architectures, and interfaces have been proposed to accelerate deep neural networks (DNNs). How to deploy DNNs onto PIM-based accelerators is the key to explore…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiaotian Sun , Xinyu Wang , Wanqian Li , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

This paper investigates the integration of cognitive agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) within the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) to reinforce software project management. By deploying virtual agents in simulated software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Konrad Cinkusz , Jarosław A. Chudziak , Ewa Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz

Machine learning and data analytics applications increasingly suffer from the high latency and energy consumption of conventional von Neumann architectures. Recently, several in-memory and near-memory systems have been proposed to remove…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Hamid Farzaneh , João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Mengyuan Li , Asif Ali Khan , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Jeronimo Castrillon

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) is accelerating the integration of multimodal assistants into edge devices, where inference is executed under stringent latency and energy constraints, often exacerbated by intermittent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanru Chen , Runyang Tian , Yue Pan , Zheyu Li , Weihong Xu , Tajana Rosing

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising computing paradigm to tackle the "memory wall" challenge. However, PIM system-level benefits over traditional von Neumann architecture can be reduced when the memory array cannot fully store all the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peilin Chen , Xiaoxuan Yang

The brain is dynamic, associative and efficient. It reconfigures by associating the inputs with past experiences, with fused memory and processing. In contrast, AI models are static, unable to associate inputs with past experiences, and run…

Traditional computers with von Neumann architecture are unable to meet the latency and scalability challenges of Deep Neural Network (DNN) workloads. Various DNN accelerators based on Conventional compute Hardware Accelerator (CHA),…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Tom Glint , Chandan Kumar Jha , Manu Awasthi , Joycee Mekie

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) offer significant promise for generating photorealistic images and videos. However, existing mainstream neural rendering models often fall short in meeting the demands for immediacy and power efficiency in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Fangxin Liu , Haomin Li , Bowen Zhu , Zongwu Wang , Zhuoran Song , Habing Guan , Li Jiang

Cloud Computing has established itself as an efficient and cost-effective paradigm for the execution of web-based applications, and scientific workloads, that need elasticity and on-demand scalability capabilities. However, the evaluation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Remo Andreoli , Jie Zhao , Tommaso Cucinotta , Rajkumar Buyya

Digital Computing-in-Memory (DCIM) is an innovative technology that integrates multiply-accumulation (MAC) logic directly into memory arrays to enhance the performance of modern AI computing. However, the need for customized memory cells…