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Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for automating Verilog code generation; however, existing methods primarily emphasize syntactic correctness and often rely on commercial models or external…

Large Language Models demonstrate substantial promise for advancing scientific discovery, yet their deployment in disciplines demanding factual precision and specialized domain constraints presents significant challenges. Within molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Malikussaid , Hilal Hudan Nuha , Isman Kurniawan

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) enables hardware design from C/C++ kernels but requires extensive transformations, such as restructuring code, inserting pragmas, adapting data types, and repairing non-synthesizable constructs, to achieve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Qingyun Zou , Nuo Chen , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , WengFei Wong

Recently, there has been a surging interest in using large language models (LLMs) for Verilog code generation. However, the existing approaches are limited in terms of the quality of the generated Verilog code. To address such limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bardia Nadimi , Hao Zheng

Verification presents a major bottleneck in Integrated Circuit (IC) development, consuming nearly 70% of the total development effort. While the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is widely used in industry to improve verification…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Junhao Ye , Yuchen Hu , Ke Xu , Dingrong Pan , Qichun Chen , Jie Zhou , Shuai Zhao , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automated software engineering, yet their guarantee of correctness is frequently undermined by erroneous or hallucinated code. To enforce model honesty, formal verification requires LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Md Erfan , Md Kamal Hossain Chowdhury , Ahmed Ryan , Md Rayhanur Rahman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved strong performance in software code generation. However, applying them to hardware description languages (HDLs), such as Verilog, remains challenging because high-quality training data are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yan Tan , Tong Liu , Xiangchen Meng , Yangdi Lyu

Formal methods provide very powerful tools and techniques for the design and analysis of complex systems. Their practical application remains however limited, due to the widely accepted belief that formal methods require extensive expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Jie He , Ezio Bartocci , Dejan Ničković , Haris Isakovic , Radu Grosu

Formal verification provides a rigorous and systematic approach to ensure the correctness and reliability of software systems. Yet, constructing specifications for the full proof relies on domain expertise and non-trivial manpower. In view…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Cheng Wen , Jialun Cao , Jie Su , Zhiwu Xu , Shengchao Qin , Mengda He , Haokun Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Producing accurate software models is crucial in model-driven software engineering (MDE). However, modeling complex systems is an error-prone task that requires deep application domain knowledge. In the past decade, several automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Vittoriano Muttillo , Claudio Di Sipio , Riccardo Rubei , Luca Berardinelli , MohammadHadi Dehghani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities in numerous fields. This survey focuses on how LLMs empower users, regardless of their technical background, to use human languages to automatically generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nam Huynh , Beiyu Lin

Automated Verilog code synthesis poses significant challenges and typically demands expert oversight. Traditional high-level synthesis (HLS) methods often fail to scale for real-world designs. While large language models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Prithwish Basu Roy , Akashdeep Saha , Manaar Alam , Johann Knechtel , Michail Maniatakos , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in applying them to Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tasks, particularly Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation. While several RTL datasets have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anjiang Wei , Huanmi Tan , Tarun Suresh , Daniel Mendoza , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Ke Wang , Caroline Trippel , Alex Aiken

Program synthesis has been long studied with recent approaches focused on directly using the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code. Programming benchmarks, with curated synthesis problems and test-cases, are used to measure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiawei Liu , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuyao Wang , Lingming Zhang

A challenging problem for autonomous systems is to synthesize a reactive controller that conforms to a set of given correctness properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL) provides a formal language to specify the desired behavioral properties…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Rayna Dimitrova , Mahsa Ghasemi , Ufuk Topcu

Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where their reliable behavior is governed by strict procedural manuals. Ensuring that such agents comply with the rules from these manuals is challenging, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ashwani Anand , Ivi Chatzi , Ritam Raha , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

Large language models (LLMs) can be leveraged to help with writing formulas in spreadsheets, but resources on these formulas are scarce, impacting both the base performance of pre-trained models and limiting the ability to fine-tune them.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Usneek Singh , José Cambronero , Sumit Gulwani , Aditya Kanade , Anirudh Khatry , Vu Le , Mukul Singh , Gust Verbruggen
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