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Time series forecasting is a long-standing and highly challenging research topic. Recently, driven by the rise of large language models (LLMs), research has increasingly shifted from purely time series methods toward harnessing textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shiqiao Zhou , Holger Schöner , Huanbo Lyu , Edouard Fouché , Shuo Wang

Understanding the robustness of deep learning models for multivariate long-term time series forecasting (M-LTSF) remains challenging, as evaluations typically rely on real-world datasets with unknown noise properties. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nick Janssen , Melanie Schaller , Bodo Rosenhahn

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to time series forecasting poses unique challenges, as time series data is continuous in nature, while LLMs operate on discrete tokens. Despite the success of LLMs in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Taibiao Zhao , Xiaobing Chen , Mingxuan Sun

In the context of formal verification in general and model checking in particular, parity games serve as a mighty vehicle: many problems are encoded as parity games, which are then solved by the seminal algorithm by Jurdzinski. In this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Ichiro Hasuo , Shunsuke Shimizu , Corina Cirstea

Time series forecasting is critical to real-world decision making, yet most existing approaches remain unimodal and rely on extrapolating historical patterns. While recent progress in large language models (LLMs) highlights the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinkwan Jang , Hyunbin Jin , Hyungjin Park , Kyubyung Chae , Taesup Kim

Forecasting winners in E-sports with real-time analytics has the potential to further engage audiences watching major tournament events. However, making such real-time predictions is challenging due to unpredictable variables within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Kittimate Chulajata , Sean Wu , Fabien Scalzo , Eun Sang Cha

Recent work has questioned the reliability of graph learning benchmarks, citing concerns around task design, methodological rigor, and data suitability. In this extended abstract, we contribute to this discussion by focusing on evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Filip Cornell , Oleg Smirnov , Gabriela Zarzar Gandler , Lele Cao

Recent deep learning models for Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) often emphasize complex, handcrafted designs, while simpler architectures like linear models or MLPs have often outperformed these intricate solutions. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yihang Lu , Yangyang Xu , Qitao Qing , Xianwei Meng

Recent advances in long-term time series forecasting have introduced numerous complex supervised prediction models that consistently outperform previously published architectures. However, this rapid progression raises concerns regarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Lorenzo Brigato , Rafael Morand , Knut Strømmen , Maria Panagiotou , Markus Schmidt , Stavroula Mougiakakou

In recent years, transformer-based models have gained prominence in multivariate long-term time series forecasting (LTSF), demonstrating significant advancements despite facing challenges such as high computational demands, difficulty in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Musleh Alharthi , Ausif Mahmood

This research examines the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in predicting time series, with a specific focus on the LLMTIME model. Despite the established effectiveness of LLMs in tasks such as text generation, language translation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Rui Cao , Qiao Wang

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods are increasingly replacing traditional methods in many domains involved with important decision making activities. DL techniques tailor-made for specific tasks such as image recognition,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Hansika Hewamalage , Klaus Ackermann , Christoph Bergmeir

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

AI systems are notorious for their fragility; minor input changes can potentially cause major output swings. When such systems are deployed in critical areas like finance, the consequences of their uncertain behavior could be severe. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kausik Lakkaraju , Rachneet Kaur , Zhen Zeng , Parisa Zehtabi , Sunandita Patra , Biplav Srivastava , Marco Valtorta

Neural Forecasters (NFs) have become a cornerstone of Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF). However, recent progress has been hampered by an overemphasis on architectural complexity at the expense of fundamental forecasting structures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yihang Lu , Xianwei Meng , Enhong Chen

TSF is growing in various domains including manufacturing. Although numerous TSF algorithms have been developed recently, the validation and evaluation of algorithms hold substantial value for researchers and practitioners and are missing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mojtaba A. Farahani , Fadi El Kalach , Austin Harper , M. R. McCormick , Ramy Harik , Thorsten Wuest

Recently, the superiority of Transformer for long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) tasks has been challenged, particularly since recent work has shown that simple models can outperform numerous Transformer-based approaches. This suggests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shengsheng Lin , Weiwei Lin , Wentai Wu , Songbo Wang , Yongxiang Wang

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in domains such as transportation, energy, and meteorology. Despite their success, modern deep forecasting models are typically trained to minimize point-wise prediction loss without leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xiannan Huang , Shen Fang , Shuhan Qiu , Chengcheng Yu , Jiayuan Du , Chao Yang

Foundation models have transformed natural language processing and computer vision, and a rapidly growing literature on time-series foundation models (TSFMs) seeks to replicate this success in forecasting. While recent open-source models…