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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable powerful multimodal reasoning but suffer from slow autoregressive inference, limiting their deployment in real-time applications. We introduce Spec-LLaVA, a system that applies speculative decoding to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mingxiao Huo , Jiayi Zhang , Hewei Wang , Jinfeng Xu , Zheyu Chen , Huilin Tai , Yijun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language tasks, but they require high computing power and rely on static knowledge. To overcome these limitations, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) incorporates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jiaxing Li , Chi Xu , Lianchen Jia , Feng Wang , Cong Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu

Autoregressive video diffusion is emerging as a promising paradigm for streaming video synthesis, with step distillation serving as the primary means of accelerating inference. Whether speculative decoding, the dominant acceleration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuezhou Hu , Jintao Zhang

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Speculative decoding has rapidly emerged as a leading approach for accelerating language model (LM) inference, as it offers substantial speedups while yielding identical outputs. This relies upon a small draft model, tasked with predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Miles Williams , Young D. Kwon , Rui Li , Alexandros Kouris , Stylianos I. Venieris

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable various applications on edge devices such as smartphones, wearables, and embodied robots. However, their deployment often depends on expensive cloud-based APIs, creating high operational costs, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Souvik Kundu , Priyadarshini Panda

Generative recommendation (GR) has emerged as a promising paradigm that replaces fragmented, scenario-specific architectures with unified Transformer-based models, exhibiting scaling-law behavior where recommendation quality improves…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Huichao Chai , Zhixin Wu , Xuemiao Li , Shiqing Fan , Hengfeng Wang , Maojun Peng , Lu Xu , Yaoyuan Wang , Yibo Jin , Wei Guo , Yongxiang Feng

Generative approaches have been recently shown to be effective for both Entity Disambiguation and Entity Linking (i.e., joint mention detection and disambiguation). However, the previously proposed autoregressive formulation for EL suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nicola De Cao , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov

Heterogeneous collaborative computing with NPU and CPU has received widespread attention due to its substantial performance benefits. To ensure data confidentiality and integrity during computing, Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Husheng Han , Xinyao Zheng , Yuanbo Wen , Yifan Hao , Erhu Feng , Ling Liang , Jianan Mu , Xiaqing Li , Tianyun Ma , Pengwei Jin , Xinkai Song , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver state-of-the-art capabilities across numerous tasks, but their immense size and inference costs pose significant computational challenges for practical deployment. While structured pruning offers a…

Speculative decoding improves LLM inference by generating and verifying multiple tokens in parallel, but existing systems suffer from suboptimal performance due to a mismatch between dynamic speculation and static runtime assumptions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yue Guan , Changming Yu , Shihan Fang , Weiming Hu , Zaifeng Pan , Zheng Wang , Zihan Liu , Yangjie Zhou , Yufei Ding , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Maxim Divilkovskiy , Vitaly Malygin , Sergey Zlobin , Stanislav Ilyushin , Sultan Isali , Vasily Kalugin , Nuriza Aitassova , Fei Yi , Weidi Zeng

To mitigate the high inference latency stemming from autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs), Speculative Decoding has emerged as a novel decoding paradigm for LLM inference. In each decoding step, this method first drafts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Heming Xia , Zhe Yang , Qingxiu Dong , Peiyi Wang , Yongqi Li , Tao Ge , Tianyu Liu , Wenjie Li , Zhifang Sui

Large language models typically generate tokens autoregressively, using each token as input for the next. Recent work on Speculative Decoding has sought to accelerate this process by employing a smaller, faster draft model to more quickly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Bradley McDanel

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by verifying multiple drafted tokens in parallel. However, for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, this parallelism introduces a severe bottleneck: large draft trees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Bradley McDanel , Steven Li , Sruthikesh Surineni , Harshit Khaitan

LLM serving platforms are increasingly deployed as multi-model cloud systems, where user demand is often long-tailed: a few popular large models receive most requests, while many smaller tail models remain underutilized. We propose…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jincheng Xie , Yawen Ling , Qi Xiao , Feiyu Zhang , Zhongyi Huang , Wen Hu , Yu Zheng

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising lossless approach for accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). As reasoning LLMs increasingly suffer from decode-stage overhead and approximation-based methods degrade accuracy, lossless…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Soongyu Choi , Yuntae Kim , Muyoung Son , Joo-Young Kim

The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) inference highlights the need for efficient mobile edge computing (MEC) solutions, especially in resource-constrained settings. Speculative decoding offers a promising solution by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jungyeon Koh , Hyun Jong Yang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in mobile and edge computing environments is constrained by limited on-device resources, scarce wireless bandwidth, and frequent model evolution. Although edge-cloud collaborative inference with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuchen Li , Rui Kong , Zhonghao Lyu , Qiyang Li , Xinran Chen , Hengyi Cai , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jiashu Zhao , Guangxu Zhu , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Haoyi Xiong , Dawei Yin