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The low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network with mega-constellations can provide global coverage while supporting the high-data rates. The coverage performance of such a network is highly dependent on orbit geometry parameters, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Junse Lee , Song Noh , Sooyeob Jeong , Namyoon Lee

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become a critical enabler for global coverage, utilizing numerous satellites orbiting Earth at high speeds. By decomposing complex network services into lightweight service functions,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Li Zeng , Zixin Wang , Yuanming Shi , Khaled B. Letaief

The highly dynamic nature of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduces challenges that existing transport protocols fail to address, including non-congestive latency variation and loss, transient congestion hotspots, and frequent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aiden Valentine , Ian Wakeman , George Parisis

Non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication has garnered considerable attention from government entities, industries, and academia in recent times. NTN networks encompass a variety of systems, including Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mahfuzur Rahman , Zoheb Hassan , Jeffrey H. Reed , Lingjia Liu

Interest in the use of the low earth orbit (LEO) in space - from $160 \text{ km}$ to $2000 \text{ km}$ - has skyrocketed; this is evident by the fact that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has partnered with various…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Don-Roberts Emenonye , Harpreet S. Dhillon , R. Michael Buehrer

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) brought navigation to the masses. Coupled with smartphones, the blue dot in the palm of our hands has forever changed the way we interact with the world. Looking forward, cyber-physical systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Tyler G. R. Reid , Bryan Chan , Ashish Goel , Kazuma Gunning , Brian Manning , Jerami Martin , Andrew Neish , Adrien Perkins , Paul Tarantino

The emergence of dense, mission-driven aerial networks supporting the low-altitude economy presents unique communication challenges, including extreme channel dynamics and severe cross-tier interference. Traditional reactive communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Junting Chen , Bowen Li , Hao Sun , Shuguang Cui , Nikolaos Pappas

Existing analyses of ergodic capacity in satellite mega-constellations often rely on restrictive serving time assumptions or become intractable under realistic handover strategies. This paper develops a framework for characterising the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Brendon McBain , Yi Hong , Emanuele Viterbo

Recently, a large number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched and deployed successfully in space by commercial companies, such as SpaceX. Due to multimodal sensors equipped by the LEO satellites, they serve not only for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Xianhao Chen , Xiong Wang , Yue Gao

In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal learning-based distributed routing framework for dynamic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, where graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are integrated within a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Po-Heng Chou , Chiapin Wang , Shou-Yu Chen , Hsiang-Ming Wang

The broadcast characteristics of sixth-generation (6G) low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications raise serious security issues. Movable antenna (MA) technology offers a promising physical layer security (PLS) solution by flexibly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Suhong Luo , Pan Tang , Jianhua Zhang , Ji Wang , Yixuan Li , Zihang Ding , Xingwang Li

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have seen a surge in deployment over the past few years by virtue of their ability to provide broadband Internet access as well as to collect vast amounts of Earth observational data that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

The rapid deployment of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has drawn attention to the potential of nonterrestrial networks (NTN) in providing global communication services. Telecom operators are attempting to collaborate with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shaojie Su , Jiasheng Wu , Zijie Ying , Zhiyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Jia , Wenjun Zhu , Yue Gao

The advancements of remote sensing (RS) pose increasingly high demands on computation and transmission resources. Conventional ground-offloading techniques, which transmit large amounts of raw data to the ground, suffer from poor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jiaqi Cao , Shengli Zhang , Qingxia Chen , Houtian Wang , Mingzhe Wang , Naijin Liu

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are quickly gaining traction with promises of impressively low latency, high bandwidth, and global reach. However, the research community knows relatively little about their operation and performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liz Izhikevich , Manda Tran , Katherine Izhikevich , Gautam Akiwate , Zakir Durumeric

Long Range-Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) is the new physical layer designed to address extremely long-range and large-scale communication scenarios, such as satellite IoT. At its core is a fast frequency hopping technique…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Guillem Boquet , Pere Tuset-Peiro , Ferran Adelantado , Thomas Watteyne , Xavier Vilajosana

Global communications have undergone a paradigm shift with the rapid expansion of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, offering a new space era of reduced latency and ubiquitous, high-speed broadband internet access. However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Flor Ortiz , Eva Lagunas , Almoatssimbillah Saifaldawla , Mahdis Jalali , Luis Emiliani , Symeon Chatzinotas

Ensuring network resilience in 6G and beyond is essential to maintain service continuity during base station (BS) outages due to failures, disasters, attacks, or energy-saving operations. This paper proposes a novel resilience optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dinh-Hieu Tran , Nguyen Van Huynh , Van Nhan Vo , Madyan Alsenwi , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations continue to be deployed for satellite internet and recent successful experiments in satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution emerge, a natural question arises: How should we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Albert Williams , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Andrew McGregor , Don Towsley

The accelerating growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration with Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites demand efficient, reliable, and scalable communication protocols. Among these, the Long-Range Frequency Hopping Spread…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Diego Maldonado , Megumi Kaneko , Juan A. Fraire , Alexandre Guitton , Oana Iova , Herve Rivano