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Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ang Kok Wee , Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Jianying Zhou

The existing authentication system has two entry points (i.e., username and password fields) to interact with the outside, but neither of them has a gatekeeper, making the system vulnerable to cyberattacks. In order to ensure the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Suyun Borjigin

Two-factor authentication (2FA) schemes that rely on a combination of knowledge factors (e.g., PIN) and device possession have gained popularity. Some of these schemes remain secure even against strong adversaries that (a) observe the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Steven J. Murdoch , Aydin Abadi

Users with limited use of their hands, such as people suffering from disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), face challenges when authenticating with computer terminals, specially with publicly accessible terminals such as ATMs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Dimitrios Damopoulos , Georgios Portokalidis

The unprecedented proliferation of smart devices together with novel communication, computing, and control technologies have paved the way for the Advanced Internet of Things~(A-IoT). This development involves new categories of capable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aleksandr Ometov , Vitaly Petrov , Sergey Bezzateev , Sergey Andreev , Yevgeni Koucheryavy , Mario Gerla

Protecting personal computers (PCs) from unauthorized access typically relies on password authentication, which is know to suffer from cognitive burden and weak credentials. As many users nowadays carry mobile devices with advanced security…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Andreas Pramendorfer , Rainhard Dieter Findling

Current web accessibility guidelines ask visualization designers to support screen readers via basic non-visual alternatives like textual descriptions and access to raw data tables. But charts do more than summarize data or reproduce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Jonathan Zong , Crystal Lee , Alan Lundgard , JiWoong Jang , Daniel Hajas , Arvind Satyanarayan

Generative AI agents are reshaping human-computer interaction, shifting users from direct task execution to supervising machine-driven actions, especially the rise of "vibe coding" in programming. Yet little is known about how screen reader…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Nan Chen , Luna K. Qiu , Arran Zeyu Wang , Zilong Wang , Yuqing Yang

Block-based programming environments (BBPEs) such as Scratch and Code.org are now widely used in K-12 computer science classes, but they remain mostly inaccessible to blind or visually impaired (BVI) learners. A major problem is that prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Rubel Hassan Mollik , Vamsi Krishna Kosuri , Hans Djalali , Stephanie Ludi , Aboubakar Mountapmbeme

Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic mechanism for providing confidentiality and fine-grained access control in the cloud-based area. However, due to high computational overhead, common ABE schemes are not suitable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Mostafa Chegenizadeh , Mohammad Ali , Javad Mohajeri , Mohammad Reza Aref

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Kat Krol , Eleni Philippou , Emiliano De Cristofaro , M. Angela Sasse

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Part of what makes the web successful is that anyone can publish content and browsers maintain certain safety guarantees. For example, it's safe to travel between links and make other trust decisions on the web because users can always…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Diane Hosfelt , Jessica Outlaw , Tyesha Snow , Sara Carbonneau

Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have been introduced as essential and popular security gates that inspect incoming HTTP traffic to filter out malicious requests and provide defenses against a diverse array of web-based threats. Evading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seyed Ali Akhavani , Bahruz Jabiyev , Ben Kallus , Cem Topcuoglu , Sergey Bratus , Engin Kirda

WebView applications are widely used in mobile applications to display web content directly within the app, enhancing user engagement by eliminating the need to open an external browser and providing a seamless experience. Progressive Web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Sajib Talukder , Nur Imtiazul Haque , Khandakar Ashrafi Akbar

Screen-reader software enables blind users to access large segments of electronic content, particularly if accessibility standards are followed. Unfortunately, this is not true for much of the content written in physics, mathematics, and…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-11-28 Gerd Kortemeyer

The proliferation of mobile applications (apps) has made it crucial to ensure their accessibility for users with disabilities. However, there is a lack of research on the real-world challenges developers face in implementing mobile…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Amila Indika , Christopher Lee , Haochen Wang , Justin Lisoway , Anthony Peruma , Rick Kazman

PDF inaccessibility is an ongoing challenge that hinders individuals with visual impairments from reading and navigating PDFs using screen readers. This paper presents a step-by-step process for both novice and experienced users to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Felix M. Schmitt-Koopmann , Elaine M. Huang , Hans-Peter Hutter , Alireza Darvishy

A sudden reliance on the internet has resulted in the global standardization of specific software and interfaces tailored for the average user. Whether it be web apps or dedicated software, the methods of interaction are seemingly similar.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Guy Meyer , Alan Wassyng , Mark Lawford , Kourosh Sabri , Shahram Shirani