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Despite remarkable progress in Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) for robot manipulation, these large pre-trained models require fine-tuning to be deployed in specific environments. These fine-tuned models are highly sensitive to camera…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hyeongjun Heo , Seungyeon Woo , Sang Min Kim , Junho Kim , Junho Lee , Yonghyeon Lee , Young Min Kim

The evolution of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has progressed from single to multi-image reasoning. Despite this advancement, our findings indicate that LVLMs struggle to robustly utilize information across multiple images, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Xinyu Tian , Shu Zou , Zhaoyuan Yang , Jing Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a promising foundation for generalist robot policies, but often produce brittle behaviors or unsafe failures when deployed zero-shot in out-of-distribution scenarios. We present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Cyrus Neary , Omar G. Younis , Artur Kuramshin , Ozgur Aslan , Glen Berseth

Executing language-conditioned tasks in dynamic visual environments remains a central challenge in embodied AI. Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly adopt reactive state-to-action mappings, often leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qi Lv , Weijie Kong , Hao Li , Jia Zeng , Zherui Qiu , Delin Qu , Haoming Song , Qizhi Chen , Xiang Deng , Jiangmiao Pang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) achieve remarkable performance in sequential decision-making but remain fragile to subtle environmental shifts, such as small changes in object pose. We attribute this brittleness to trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zehua Zang , Xi Wang , Fuchun Sun , Xiao Xu , Lixiang Lium , Jiahuan Zhou , Jiangmeng Li

Vision-Language Action (VLA) models significantly advance robotic manipulation by leveraging the strong perception capabilities of pretrained vision-language models (VLMs). By integrating action modules into these pretrained models, VLA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shaoqi Dong , Chaoyou Fu , Haihan Gao , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chi Yan , Chu Wu , Xiaoyu Liu , Yunhang Shen , Jing Huo , Deqiang Jiang , Haoyu Cao , Yang Gao , Xing Sun , Ran He , Caifeng Shan

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models improve action generation by conditioning policies on rich vision-language information. However, current auto-regressive policies are constrained by three bottlenecks: (1) architectural bias drives models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yichi Zhang , Weihao Yuan , Yizhuo Zhang , Xidong Zhang , Jia Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT demonstrate strong few-shot adaptability without requiring fine-tuning, positioning them ideal for data-limited and real-time applications. However, this adaptability has not yet been replicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zixuan Hu , Yongxian Wei , Li Shen , Chun Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for tackling many language-processing tasks. Despite their success, training and fine-tuning these models is still far too computationally and memory intensive. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Roy Miles , Pradyumna Reddy , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable embodied decision-making but rely heavily on imitation learning, leading to compounding errors and poor robustness under distribution shift. Reinforcement learning (RL) can mitigate these issues…

Lifelong embodied navigation requires agents to accumulate, retain, and exploit spatial-semantic experience across tasks, enabling efficient exploration in novel environments and rapid goal reaching in familiar ones. While object-centric…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Botao Ren , Junjun Hu , Xinda Xue , Minghua Luo , Jintao Chen , Haochen Bai , Liangliang You , Mu Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are crucial for applications requiring integrated understanding textual and visual information. However, existing VLMs struggle with long videos due to computational inefficiency, memory limitations, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Anxhelo Diko , Tinghuai Wang , Wassim Swaileh , Shiyan Sun , Ioannis Patras

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop deployment is hindered by the high latency and compute cost of repeatedly running large vision-language backbones at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenda Yu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Lei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) face limitations due to the high demand on GPU memory and computational resources when handling long contexts. While sparsify the Key-Value (KV) cache of transformer model is a typical strategy to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yumeng Wang , Zhenyang Xiao

Vision--language--action (VLA) policies are trained to imitate actions; their loss never asks them to estimate reward, progress, or future success. Their frozen representations nevertheless carry such information, and it can be read out and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiachen Zhang , Junnan Nie , Junyi Lao , Wei Cheng , Chenghao Liu , Jiaxin Jiang , Songfang Huang

Self-supervised learning in vision-language processing exploits semantic alignment between imaging and text modalities. Prior work in biomedical VLP has mostly relied on the alignment of single image and report pairs even though clinical…

Recently, MLP-Like networks have been revived for image recognition. However, whether it is possible to build a generic MLP-Like architecture on video domain has not been explored, due to complex spatial-temporal modeling with large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 David Junhao Zhang , Kunchang Li , Yali Wang , Yunpeng Chen , Shashwat Chandra , Yu Qiao , Luoqi Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

Vision transformers (ViTs) have achieved impressive results on various computer vision tasks in the last several years. In this work, we study the capability of frozen ViTs, pretrained only on visual data, to generalize to audio-visual data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Yan-Bo Lin , Yi-Lin Sung , Jie Lei , Mohit Bansal , Gedas Bertasius

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Vision-language-action models must enable agents to execute long-horizon tasks under partial observability. However, most existing approaches remain observation-driven, relying on short context windows or repeated queries to vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Vaidehi Bagaria , Bijo Sebastian , Nirav Kumar Patel