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Quantum error correction is instrumental in protecting quantum systems from noise in quantum computing and communication settings. Pauli channels can be efficiently simulated and threshold values for Pauli error rates under a variety of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Christopher Chamberland , Joel J. Wallman , Stefanie Beale , Raymond Laflamme

This paper presents a hybrid decoding architecture that serially couples a normalized min-sum (NMS) decoder with reinforced ordered statistics decoding (OSD) to achieve near-maximum likelihood (ML) performance for short linear block codes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Guangwen Li , Xiao Yu

We consider the problem of designing a low-complexity decoder for antipodal uniquely decodable (UD) /errorless code sets for overloaded synchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, where the number of signals Kamax is the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-11 Michel Kulhandjian , Claude D'Amours , Hovannes Kulhandjian , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Dimitris A. Pados , Gurgen Khachatrian

We investigate threshold-based multi-trial decoding of concatenated codes with an inner Maximum-Likelihood decoder and an outer error/erasure (L+1)/L-extended Bounded Distance decoder, i.e. a decoder which corrects e errors and t erasures…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-07 Christian Senger , Vladimir R. Sidorenko , Martin Bossert , Victor V. Zyablov

The performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) is known to be limited by the presence of certain sub-graphs that exist in the Tanner graph representation of the code, for example trapping sets…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Homayoon Hatami , David G. M. Mitchell , Daniel J. Costello , Thomas E. Fuja

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su

Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its effectiveness hinges critically on the classical decoding algorithm that interprets noisy syndrome measurements. Among all possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Hanyan Cao , Ge Yan , Yuxuan Du , Feng Pan

A fault-tolerant quantum computer will be supported by a classical decoding system interfacing with quantum hardware to perform quantum error correction. It is important that the decoder can keep pace with the quantum clock speed, within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-17 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

High-fidelity decoding of quantum error correction codes relies on an accurate experimental model of the physical errors occurring in the device. Because error probabilities can depend on the context of the applied operations, the error…

A change point detection (CPD) framework assisted by a predictive machine learning model called "Predict and Compare" is introduced and characterised in relation to other state-of-the-art online CPD routines which it outperforms in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Anna-Christina Glock , Florian Sobieczky , Johannes Fürnkranz , Peter Filzmoser , Martin Jech

Accurate noise estimation is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as decoding performance depends critically on the fidelity of the circuit-level noise parameters. In this work, we introduce a differentiable Maximum Likelihood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Hanyan Cao , Dongyang Feng , Cheng Ye , Feng Pan

A common approach to studying the performance of quantum error correcting codes is to assume independent and identically distributed single-qubit errors. However, the available experimental data shows that realistic errors in modern…

We introduce Decision Tree Decoders (DTDs), which rely only on the sparsity of the binary check matrix, making them broadly applicable for decoding any quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) code and fault-tolerant quantum circuits. DTDs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kai R. Ott , Bence Hetényi , Michael E. Beverland

We present and analyze protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing using color codes. We present circuit-level schemes for extracting the error syndrome of these codes fault-tolerantly. We further present an integer-program-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-31 Andrew J. Landahl , Jonas T. Anderson , Patrick R. Rice

Real-time decoding of quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. A practical decoder must operate with high accuracy at low latency, while remaining robust to spatial and temporal variations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Samuel Stein , Shuwen Kan , Chenxu Liu , Adrian Harkness , Sean Garner , Zefan Du , Yufei Ding , Ying Mao , Ang Li

Applying the max-product (and belief-propagation) algorithms to loopy graphs is now quite popular for best assignment problems. This is largely due to their low computational complexity and impressive performance in practice. Still, there…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-19 Yung-Yih Jian , Henry D. Pfister

An efficient decoder is essential for quantum error correction, and data-driven neural decoders have emerged as promising, flexible solutions. Here, we introduce a diffusion model framework to infer logical errors from syndrome measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Zejun Liu , Anqi Gong , Bryan K. Clark

Recent experimental advances have made it possible to implement logical multi-qubit transversal gates on surface codes in a multitude of platforms. A transversal controlled-NOT (tCNOT) gate on two surface codes introduces correlated errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Kaavya Sahay , Yingjia Lin , Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown , Shruti Puri

Fair-density parity-check (FDPC) codes have been recently introduced demonstrating improved performance compared to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes standardized in 5G systems particularly in high-rate regimes. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Niloufar Hosseinzadeh , Mohsen Moradi , Hessam Mahdavifar

In Linear Programming (LP) decoding of a Low-Density-Parity-Check (LDPC) code one minimizes a linear functional, with coefficients related to log-likelihood ratios, over a relaxation of the polytope spanned by the codewords \cite{03FWK}. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Michael Chertkov , Mikhail G. Stepanov