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We consider minimizing a nonconvex, smooth function $f$ on a Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$. We show that a perturbed version of Riemannian gradient descent algorithm converges to a second-order stationary point (and hence is able to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Yue Sun , Nicolas Flammarion , Maryam Fazel

For strongly convex objectives that are smooth, the classical theory of gradient descent ensures linear convergence relative to the number of gradient evaluations. An analogous nonsmooth theory is challenging. Even when the objective is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-19 X. Y. Han , Adrian S. Lewis

In this paper, we propose a novel optimization algorithm for training machine learning models called Input Normalized Stochastic Gradient Descent (INSGD), inspired by the Normalized Least Mean Squares (NLMS) algorithm used in adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Salih Atici , Hongyi Pan , Ahmet Enis Cetin

Learning representations on Grassmann manifolds is popular in quite a few visual recognition tasks. In order to enable deep learning on Grassmann manifolds, this paper proposes a deep network architecture by generalizing the Euclidean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Zhiwu Huang , Jiqing Wu , Luc Van Gool

This paper focuses on minimizing a smooth function combined with a nonsmooth regularization term on a compact Riemannian submanifold embedded in the Euclidean space under a decentralized setting. Typically, there are two types of approaches…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Lei Wang , Le Bao , Xin Liu

We develop a geometric convergence theory for neural-network optimization within the minimizing movement scheme (MMS) framework. Reformulating each neural MMS step as a minimization over the set of increments in a Hilbert space, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Shixin Zheng , Yiwei Wang , Haizhao Yang

This paper studies large-scale optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds whose objective function is a finite sum of negative log-probability losses. Such problems arise in various machine learning and signal processing applications. By…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-18 Jiang Hu , Ruicheng Ao , Anthony Man-Cho So , Minghan Yang , Zaiwen Wen

In machine learning, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely deployed to train models using highly non-convex objectives with equally complex noise models. Unfortunately, SGD theory often makes restrictive assumptions that fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang , Bowen Tian

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with adaptive steps is widely used to train deep neural networks and generative models. Most theoretical results assume that it is possible to obtain unbiased gradient estimators, which is not the case in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Sobihan Surendran , Antoine Godichon-Baggioni , Adeline Fermanian , Sylvain Le Corff

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular algorithm for optimization problems arising in high-dimensional inference tasks. Here one produces an estimator of an unknown parameter from independent samples of data by iteratively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-23 Gerard Ben Arous , Reza Gheissari , Aukosh Jagannath

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization algorithm plays a central role in a series of machine learning applications. The scientific literature provides a vast amount of upper error bounds for the SGD method. Much less attention…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Covariance matrices have attracted attention for machine learning applications due to their capacity to capture interesting structure in the data. The main challenge is that one needs to take into account the particular geometry of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Daniel Brooks , Olivier Schwander , Frederic Barbaresco , Jean-Yves Schneider , Matthieu Cord

Gradient descent algorithms have been used in countless applications since the inception of Newton's method. The explosion in the number of applications of neural networks has re-energized efforts in recent years to improve the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Chad Kelterborn , Marcin Mazur , Bogdan V. Petrenko

Adaptive Gradient Descent with Energy (AEGD) is a variant of gradient descent (GD) designed to mitigate step-size sensitivity through an energy-based formulation. AEGD is notable for its unconditional energy stability, which guarantees…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Lin Feng , Hailiang Liu

Adaptive gradient methods, especially Adam-type methods (such as Adam, AMSGrad, and AdaBound), have been proposed to speed up the training process with an element-wise scaling term on learning rates. However, they often generalize poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Zhou Shao , Tong Lin

We consider the problem of minimizing a convex function over a closed convex set, with Projected Gradient Descent (PGD). We propose a fully parameter-free version of AdaGrad, which is adaptive to the distance between the initialization and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-01 Evgenii Chzhen , Christophe Giraud , Gilles Stoltz

A variant of consensus based distributed gradient descent (\textbf{DGD}) is studied for finite sums of smooth but possibly non-convex functions. In particular, the local gradient term in the fixed step-size iteration of each agent is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Lei Qin , Michael Cantoni , Ye Pu

We investigate Riemannian gradient flows for preparing ground states of a desired Hamiltonian on a quantum device. We show that the number of steps of the corresponding Riemannian gradient descent (RGD) algorithm that prepares a ground…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Mahum Pervez , Ariq Haqq , Nathan A. McMahon , Christian Arenz

This paper considers the problem of decentralized optimization on compact submanifolds, where a finite sum of smooth (possibly non-convex) local functions is minimized by $n$ agents forming an undirected and connected graph. However, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Jun Chen , Lina Liu , Tianyi Zhu , Yong Liu , Guang Dai , Yunliang Jiang , Ivor W. Tsang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in deep learning due to its computational efficiency, but a complete understanding of why SGD performs so well remains a major challenge. It has been observed empirically that most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Carmina Fjellström , Kaj Nyström