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Related papers: RACER: Risk-Aware Calibrated Efficient Routing for…

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This paper introduces RACER, the Rational Artificial Intelligence Car-following model Enhanced by Reality, a cutting-edge deep learning car-following model, that satisfies partial derivative constraints, designed to predict Adaptive Cruise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Tianyi Li , Alexander Halatsis , Raphael Stern

Chain-of-thought has been proven essential for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it also leads to high computational costs. Recent advances have explored the method to route queries among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Chenyang Shao , Xinyang Liu , Yutang Lin , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Recent work on domain-specific reasoning with large language models (LLMs) often relies on training-intensive approaches that require parameter updates. While activation steering has emerged as a parameter efficient alternative, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wencheng Ye , Xiaoyang Yuan , Yi Bin , Pengpeng Zeng , Hengyu Jin , Liang Peng , Heng Tao Shen

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in risk-sensitive applications such as real-world open-ended question answering (QA), ensuring the trustworthiness of their outputs has become critical. Existing selective conformal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Qingni Wang , Yue Fan , Xin Eric Wang

The inherent capabilities of a language model (LM) and the reasoning strategies it employs jointly determine its performance in reasoning tasks. While test-time scaling is regarded as an effective approach to tackling complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhihong Pan , Kai Zhang , Yuze Zhao , Yupeng Han

With the rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various domains, numerous new LLMs have emerged, each possessing domain-specific expertise. This proliferation has highlighted the need for quick, high-quality, and cost-effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Dimitris Stripelis , Zijian Hu , Jipeng Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Han Jin , Yuhang Yao , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet heterogeneity in architecture, alignment strategies, and efficiency means that no single model is uniformly superior across tasks. In practical deployments, workloads span…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haoxuan Ma , Guannan Lai , Han-Jia Ye

Query routing, the task to route user queries to different large language model (LLM) endpoints, can be considered as a text classification problem. However, out-of-distribution queries must be handled properly, as those could be about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Richard Šléher , William Brach , Tibor Sloboda , Kristián Košťál , Lukas Galke

As large language models (LLMs) proliferate in scale, specialization, and latency profiles, the challenge of routing user prompts to the most appropriate model has become increasingly critical for balancing performance and cost. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Amine Barrak , Yosr Fourati , Michael Olchawa , Emna Ksontini , Khalil Zoghlami

LLM routing aims to achieve a favorable quality--cost trade-off by dynamically assigning easy queries to smaller models and harder queries to stronger ones. However, across both unimodal and multimodal settings, we uncover a pervasive yet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guannan Lai , Han-Jia Ye

Evaluating production LLM responses and routing requests across providers in LLM gateways requires fine-grained quality signals and operationally grounded decisions. To address this gap, we present SEAR, a schema-based evaluation and…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zecheng Zhang , Han Zheng , Yue Xu

Entity Linking (EL) has traditionally relied on large annotated datasets and extensive model fine-tuning. While recent few-shot methods leverage large language models (LLMs) through prompting to reduce training requirements, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yajie Li , Albert Galimov , Mitra Datta Ganapaneni , Pujitha Thejaswi , De Meng , Priyanshu Kumar , Saloni Potdar

Supporting ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) is a major challenge of 5G wireless networks. Stringent delay and reliability requirements need to be satisfied for both scheduled and non-scheduled URLLC traffic to enable a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Amin Azari , Mustafa Ozger , Cicek Cavdar

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the emergence of routing techniques, which aim to efficiently select the optimal LLM from diverse candidates to tackle specific tasks, optimizing performance while reducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruihan Jin , Pengpeng Shao , Zhengqi Wen , Jinyang Wu , Mingkuan Feng , Shuai Zhang , Jianhua Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a critical trade-off between inference quality and computational cost: larger models offer superior capabilities but incur significant latency, while smaller models are faster but less powerful. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hang Wu , Jianian Zhu , Yinghui Li , Haojie Wang , Biao Hou , Jidong Zhai

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values increasingly relies on using other LLMs as automated judges, or ``autoraters''. However, their reliability is limited by a foundational issue: they are trained on discrete…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a diverse ecosystem of models with highly varying performance and costs, necessitating effective query routing to balance performance and expense. Current routing systems often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yongkai Lin , Shuai Fan , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Increasing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) services imposes substantial deployment and computation costs on providers. LLM routing offers a cost-efficient solution by directing queries to the optimal LLM based on model and query…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Fangzhou Wu , Sandeep Silwal

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in diverse multimodal tasks. However, user requirements vary across scenarios, which can be categorized into fast response, high-quality output, and low energy consumption. Relying solely on large models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xin Tang , Youfang Han , Fangfei Gou , Wei Zhao , Xin Meng , Yang Yu , Jinguo Zhang , Yuanchun Shi , Yuntao Wang , Tengxiang Zhang

Accurate prediction of resource consumption and runtime for cloud workflow jobs is critical for scheduling efficiency, yet remains challenging due to the semi-structured nature of job configurations -- comprising shell commands,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuxuan Yin , Shengke Zhou , Yunjie Zhang , Ajay Mohindra , Boxun Xu , Peng Li