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Merging has become a widespread way to cheaply combine individual models into a single model that inherits their capabilities and attains better performance. This popularity has spurred rapid development of many new merging methods, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Derek Tam , Yash Kant , Brian Lester , Igor Gilitschenski , Colin Raffel

Modern deep learning usually treats models as separate artifacts: trained independently, specialized for particular purposes, and replaced when improved versions appear. This thesis studies model merging as an alternative paradigm:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Donato Crisostomi

In this work, we investigate the unexplored intersection of domain generalization (DG) and data-free learning. In particular, we address the question: How can knowledge contained in models trained on different source domains be merged into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ahmed Frikha , Haokun Chen , Denis Krompaß , Thomas Runkler , Volker Tresp

The proliferation of pre-trained models has given rise to a wide array of specialised, fine-tuned models. Model merging aims to merge the distinct capabilities of these specialised models into a unified model, requiring minimal or even no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yayuan Li , Jian Zhang , Jintao Guo , Zihan Cheng , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

In the era of large-scale training, model merging has evolved into a tool for creating multitasking models efficiently. It enables the knowledge of models to be fused, without the need for heavy computation as required in traditional…

Generalization capability to unseen domains is crucial for machine learning models when deploying to real-world conditions. We investigate the challenging problem of domain generalization, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Qi Dou , Daniel C. Castro , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

Domain generalization is proposed to address distribution shift, arising from statistical disparities between training source and unseen target domains. The widely used first-order meta-learning algorithms demonstrate strong performance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiran Wang , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

This paper studies a novel problem of out-of-distribution graph models merging, which aims to construct a generalized model from multiple graph models pre-trained on different domains with distribution discrepancy. This problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yidi Wang , Ziyue Qiao , Jiawei Gu , Xubin Zheng , Pengyang Wang , Xiaobing Pei , Xiao Luo

Multimodal Domain Generalization (MMDG) leverages the complementary strengths of multiple modalities to enhance model generalization on unseen domains. A central challenge in multimodal learning is optimization imbalance, where modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hongzhao Li , Guohao Shen , Shupan Li , Mingliang Xu , Muhammad Haris Khan

Semantic segmentation models only perform well on the domain they are trained on and datasets for training are scarce and often have a small label-spaces, because the pixel level annotations required are expensive to make. Thus training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Floris Naber

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn a generalized model to an unseen target domain using only limited source domains. Previous attempts to DG fail to learn domain-invariant representations only from the source domains due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Junbum Cha , Kyungjae Lee , Sungrae Park , Sanghyuk Chun

Deep learning-based automatic sleep staging has significantly advanced in performance and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. However, those models often struggle to generalize on unseen subjects due to variability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sangmin Jo , Jee Seok Yoon , Wootaek Jeong , Kwanseok Oh , Heung-Il Suk

Model merging under unseen test-time distribution shifts often renders naive strategies, such as mean averaging unreliable. This challenge is especially acute in medical imaging, where models are fine-tuned locally at clinics on private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sameer Ambekar , Reza Nasirigerdeh , Peter J. Schuffler , Lina Felsner , Daniel M. Lang , Julia A. Schnabel

Advancing towards generalist agents necessitates the concurrent processing of multiple tasks using a unified model, thereby underscoring the growing significance of simultaneous model training on multiple downstream tasks. A common issue in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zhi Zhang , Jiayi Shen , Congfeng Cao , Gaole Dai , Shiji Zhou , Qizhe Zhang , Shanghang Zhang , Ekaterina Shutova

From a multi-model compression perspective, model merging enables memory-efficient serving of multiple models fine-tuned from the same base, but suffers from degraded performance due to interference among their task-specific parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hangyu Zhou , Aaron Gokaslan , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Bharath Hariharan

Simulation-based problems involving mixed-variable inputs frequently feature domains that are hierarchical, conditional, heterogeneous, or tree-structured. These characteristics pose challenges for data representation, modeling, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Paul Saves , Edward Hallé-Hannan , Jasper Bussemaker , Youssef Diouane , Nathalie Bartoli

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to develop agents that can collaborate effectively. However, most cooperative MARL methods overfit training agents, making learned policies not generalize well to unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Kanefumi Matsuyama , Kefan Su , Jiangxing Wang , Deheng Ye , Zongqing Lu

Model merging enables powerful capabilities in neural networks without requiring additional training. In this paper, we introduce a novel perspective on model merging by leveraging the fundamental mechanisms of neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Haiquan Qiu , You Wu , Dong Li , Jianmin Guo , Quanming Yao

Model merging aims to build a multi-task learner by combining the parameters of individually fine-tuned models without additional training. While a straightforward approach is to average model parameters across tasks, this often results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Jiho Choi , Donggyun Kim , Chanhyuk Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Model merging offers an effective strategy to combine the strengths of multiple finetuned models into a unified model that preserves the specialized capabilities of each. Existing methods merge models in a global manner, performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yifei He , Yuzheng Hu , Yong Lin , Tong Zhang , Han Zhao