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The integration of tools has extended the capabilities of language models (LMs) beyond vanilla text generation to versatile scenarios. However, tool-augmented language models (TaLMs) often assume 'perfect' information access and tool…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Eduardo Treviño , Hugo Contant , James Ngai , Graham Neubig , Zora Zhiruo Wang

Diverse instruction data is vital for effective instruction tuning of large language models, as it enables the model to generalize across different types of inputs . Building such diversified instruction dataset is an essential step in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Simin Ma , Shujian Liu , Jun Tan , Yebowen Hu , Song Wang , Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Sanqiang Zhao , Liwei Wu , Jianbing Han , Kaiqiang Song

Modern-day Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) have come a long way from the early text editing utilities to the complex programs encompassing thousands of functions to help developers. However, with the increasing number of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yaroslav Zharov , Yury Khudyakov , Evgeniia Fedotova , Evgeny Grigorenko , Egor Bogomolov

Solving problems through tool use under explicit constraints constitutes a highly challenging yet unavoidable scenario for large language models (LLMs), requiring capabilities such as function calling, instruction following, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Junjie Ye , Guoqiang Zhang , Wenjie Fu , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Recent advancements in function calling and tool use have significantly enhanced the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by enabling them to interact with external information sources and execute complex tasks. However, the limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Suhong Moon , Siddharth Jha , Lutfi Eren Erdogan , Sehoon Kim , Woosang Lim , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents that invoke external tools through structured function calls. While recent work reports strong tool-calling performance under standard English-centric evaluations, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zheng Luo , T Pranav Kutralingam , Ogochukwu N Okoani , Wanpeng Xu , Hua Wei , Xiyang Hu

Tool-calling is essential for Large Language Model (LLM) agents to complete real-world tasks. While most existing benchmarks assume simple, perfectly documented tools, real-world tools (e.g., general "search" APIs) are often opaque, lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Skyler Hallinan , Thejas Venkatesh , Xiang Ren , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Ashwin Paranjape , Yuhao Zhang , Jack Hessel

In-Context Learning (ICL) enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) with demonstrations. However, obtaining these demonstrations primarily relies on manual effort. In most real-world scenarios, users are often unwilling or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Lingxiao Zou , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse domains, thereby prompting researchers to explore their potential for use in recommendation systems. Initial attempts have leveraged the exceptional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integral as productivity assistants, but existing benchmarks fall short in rigorously evaluating their real-world instruction-following capabilities. Current benchmarks often (i) lack sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiho Park , Jongyoon Song , Minjin Choi , Kyuho Heo , Taehun Huh , Ji Won Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their impressive natural language processing (NLP) capabilities. Recently, many studies have focused on the tool utilization ability of LLMs. They primarily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yue Huang , Jiawen Shi , Yuan Li , Chenrui Fan , Siyuan Wu , Qihui Zhang , Yixin Liu , Pan Zhou , Yao Wan , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Recent evaluations of Large Language Models (LLMs) have centered around testing their zero-shot/few-shot capabilities for basic natural language tasks and their ability to translate instructions into tool APIs. However, the evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yiduo Guo , Zekai Zhang , Yaobo Liang , Dongyan Zhao , Nan Duan

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved strong performance enhancement through scaling test time computation, but due to the inherent limitations of the underlying language models, they still have shortcomings in tasks that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ruotao Xu , Yixin Ji , Yu Luo , Jinpeng Li , Dong Li , Peifeng Li , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) tasks is still challenging due to the infrequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yutao Zhu , Peitian Zhang , Chenghao Zhang , Yifei Chen , Binyu Xie , Zheng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. However, in the field of recommender systems, due to the inherent structural discrepancy between user behavior data and natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zekun Liu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Citation intention Classification (CIC) tools classify citations by their intention (e.g., background, motivation) and assist readers in evaluating the contribution of scientific literature. Prior research has shown that pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zeren Shui , Petros Karypis , Daniel S. Karls , Mingjian Wen , Saurav Manchanda , Ellad B. Tadmor , George Karypis

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a standard interface through which large language model (LLM) agents discover and invoke external tools. However, existing MCP evaluations fall short along three key axes: realistic multi-step…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed massive improvements in reasoning and decision-making skills and can hold natural conversations with users. Recently, many tool-use benchmark datasets have been proposed. However, existing…

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) on general-purpose tasks, their performance in highly specialized domains such as biomedicine remains unsatisfactory. A key limitation is the inability of LLMs to effectively leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xin Gao , Ruiyi Zhang , Meixi Du , Peijia Qin , Pengtao Xie