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We consider automorphism ensemble decoding (AED) of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Belief propagation (BP) decoding on the conventional factor graph is equivariant to the quasi-cyclic automorphisms and therefore…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Marvin Geiselhart , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Jannis Clausius , Stephan ten Brink

Two-dimensional topological translationally-invariant (TTI) quantum codes, such as the toric code (TC) and bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, are promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. For such codes to be practically…

To alleviate the suboptimal performance of belief propagation (BP) decoding of short low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, a plethora of improved decoding algorithms has been proposed over the last two decades. Many of these methods can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Felix Krieg , Jannis Clausius , Marvin Geiselhart , Stephan ten Brink

We study directionally informed belief propagation (BP) decoding for quantum CSS codes, where anisotropic Tanner-graph structure and biased noise concentrate degeneracy along preferred directions. We formalize this by placing orientation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mohammad Rowshan

A novel adaptive binary decoding algorithm for LDPC codes is proposed, which reduces the decoding complexity while having a comparable or even better performance than corresponding non-adaptive alternatives. In each iteration the variable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-04-24 Ingmar Land , Gottfried Lechner , Lars K. Rasmussen

In this paper, we propose a framework of the mutual information-maximizing (MIM) quantized decoding for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by using simple mappings and fixed-point additions. Our decoding method is generic in the sense…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Peng Kang , Kui Cai , Xuan He , Shuangyang Li , Jinhong Yuan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share encryption keys with security based on laws of quantum mechanics. In order to share the keys, the quantum bits have to be transmitted from the sender to the receiver over a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Sathwik Chadaga , Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Belief propagation (BP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with various dynamic decoding schedules have been proposed to improve the efficiency of the conventional flooding schedule. As the ultimate goal of an ideal LDPC code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Tofar C. -Y. Chang , Pin-Han Wang , Jian-Jia Weng , I-Hsiang Lee , Yu T. Su

In this paper, we propose a novel message-passing decoding approach that leverages the degeneracy of quantum low-density parity-check codes to enhance decoding performance, eliminating the need for serial scheduling or post-processing. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasic

The equivalence of peeling decoding (PD) and Belief Propagation (BP) for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary erasure channel is analyzed. Modifying the scheduling for PD, it is shown that exactly the same variable nodes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Markus Stinner , Luca Barletta , Pablo M. Olmos

Decoders for quantum LDPC codes generally rely on solving a parity-check equation with Gaussian elimination, with the generalised union-find decoder performing this repeatedly on growing clusters. We present an online variant of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Sam J. Griffiths , Asmae Benhemou , Dan E. Browne

Different choices of quantum error-correcting codes can reduce the demands on the physical hardware needed to build a quantum computer. To achieve the full potential of a code, we must develop practical decoding algorithms that can correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Benjamin J. Brown

Belief Propagation (BP) followed by Ordered Statistics Decoding (OSD) has emerged as the gold standard for decoding quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. Recent advancements in this field have proposed new methods and algorithms…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Michele Banfi , Marco Ferrari , Antonino Favano , Alberto Tarable , Luca Barletta

Reed-Muller (RM) codes exhibit good performance under maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding due to their highly-symmetric structure. In this paper, we explore the question of whether the code symmetry of RM codes can also be exploited to achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Elia Santi , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister

Fault-tolerant quantum computers must be designed in conjunction with classical co-processors that decode quantum error correction measurement information in real-time. In this work, we introduce the belief propagation plus ordered Tanner…

The design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles optimized for a finite number of decoder iterations is investigated. Our approach employs EXIT chart analysis and differential evolution to design such ensembles for the binary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ian P. Mulholland , Enrico Paolini , Mark F. Flanagan

We introduce a decoding framework for correlated errors in quantum LDPC codes under circuit-level noise. The core of our approach is a graph augmentation and rewiring for interference (GARI) method, which modifies the correlated detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Francisco-Garcia Herrero , Alexandru Paler , Valentin Savin

For finite coupling lengths, terminated spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes show a non-negligible rate-loss. In this paper, we investigate if this rate loss can be mitigated by tail-biting SC-LDPC codes in conjunction…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Sebastian Cammerer , Laurent Schmalen , Vahid Aref , Stephan ten Brink

Qudits offer significant advantages over qubit-based architectures, including more efficient gate compilation, reduced resource requirements, improved error-correction primitives, and enhanced capabilities for quantum communication and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Daniel J. Spencer , Andrew Tanggara , Tobias Haug , Derek Khu , Kishor Bharti