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Time series generation (TSG) synthesizes realistic sequences and has achieved remarkable success. Among TSG, conditional models generate sequences given observed covariates, however, such models learn observational correlations without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yutong Xia , Chang Xu , Yuxuan Liang , Li Zhao , Qingsong Wen , Roger Zimmermann , Jiang Bian

Causal inference for observational longitudinal studies often requires the accurate estimation of treatment effects on time-to-event outcomes in the presence of time-dependent patient history and time-dependent covariates. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Jie Zhu , Blanca Gallego

This paper studies causal discovery in irregularly sampled time series-a key challenge in risk-sensitive domains like finance, healthcare, and climate science, where missing data and inconsistent sampling frequencies distort causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weihong Li , Baohong Li , Anpeng Wu , Zhihan Li , Ming Ma , Keting Yin , Kun Kuang

Methods of causal discovery aim to identify causal structures in a data driven way. Existing algorithms are known to be unstable and sensitive to statistical errors, and are therefore rarely used with biomedical or epidemiological data. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-01 Christine W Bang , Janine Witte , Ronja Foraita , Vanessa Didelez

Supervised causal learning has shown promise in causal discovery, yet it often struggles with generalization across diverse interventional settings, particularly when intervention targets are unknown. To address this, we propose TICL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wei Chen , Rui Ding , Bojun Huang , Yang Zhang , Qiang Fu , Yuxuan Liang , Han Shi , Dongmei Zhang

Discovering causal relationships between different variables from time series data has been a long-standing challenge for many domains such as climate science, finance, and healthcare. Given the complexity of real-world relationships and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wenbo Gong , Joel Jennings , Cheng Zhang , Nick Pawlowski

Inferring causal structure poses a combinatorial search problem that typically involves evaluating structures with a score or independence test. The resulting search is costly, and designing suitable scores or tests that capture prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Lars Lorch , Scott Sussex , Jonas Rothfuss , Andreas Krause , Bernhard Schölkopf

Nonlinear causal discovery from observational data imposes strict identifiability assumptions on the formulation of structural equations utilized in the data generating process. The evaluation of structure learning methods under assumption…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-17 Georg Velev , Stefan Lessmann

Learning decent representations from unlabeled time-series data with temporal dynamics is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised Time-Series representation learning framework via Temporal and Contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li , Cuntai Guan

Time series motif discovery has been a fundamental task to identify meaningful repeated patterns in time series. Recently, time series chains were introduced as an expansion of time series motifs to identify the continuous evolving patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Li Zhang , Yan Zhu , Yifeng Gao , Jessica Lin

Learning causal relationships solely from observational data often fails to reveal the underlying causal mechanisms due to the vast search space of possible causal graphs, which can grow exponentially, especially for greedy algorithms using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Uzma Hasan , Md Osman Gani

Dynamic Bayesian networks have been well explored in the literature as discrete-time models: however, their continuous-time extensions have seen comparatively little attention. In this paper, we propose the first constraint-based algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Alessandro Bregoli , Marco Scutari , Fabio Stella

Causal inference permits us to discover covert relationships of various variables in time series. However, in most existing works, the variables mentioned above are the dimensions. The causality between dimensions could be cursory, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Yuanhao Liu , Dehui Du , Zihan Jiang , Anyan Huang , Yiyang Li

Score-based approaches in the structure learning task are thriving because of their scalability. Continuous relaxation has been the key reason for this advancement. Despite achieving promising outcomes, most of these methods are still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Quang-Duy Tran , Phuoc Nguyen , Bao Duong , Thin Nguyen

Ordering-based approaches to causal discovery identify topological orders of causal graphs, providing scalable alternatives to combinatorial search methods. Under the Additive Noise Model (ANM) assumption, recent causal ordering methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiyeon Kang , Songseong Kim , Chanhui Lee , Doyeong Hwang , Joanie Hayoun Chung , Yunkyung Ko , Sumin Lee , Sungwoong Kim , Sungbin Lim

Causal inference is a fundamental research topic for discovering the cause-effect relationships in many disciplines. However, not all algorithms are equally well-suited for a given dataset. For instance, some approaches may only be able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zhipeng Ma , Marco Kemmerling , Daniel Buschmann , Chrismarie Enslin , Daniel Lütticke , Robert H. Schmitt

Discovering the underlying dynamics of complex systems from data is an important practical topic. Constrained optimization algorithms are widely utilized and lead to many successes. Yet, such purely data-driven methods may bring about…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Nan Chen , Yinling Zhang

Social decisions made by individuals are easily influenced by information from their social neighborhoods. A key predictor of social contagion is the multiplicity of social contexts inside the individual's contact neighborhood, which is…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Jinbin Huang , Xin Huang , Jianliang Xu

Causality defines the relationship between cause and effect. In multivariate time series field, this notion allows to characterize the links between several time series considering temporal lags. These phenomena are particularly important…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-01 Antonin Arsac , Aurore Lomet , Jean-Philippe Poli

There are several existing algorithms that under appropriate assumptions can reliably identify a subset of the underlying causal relationships from observational data. This paper introduces the first computationally feasible score-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Subramani Mani , Peter L. Spirtes , Gregory F. Cooper