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Artificial neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when they are sequentially trained on multiple tasks. To overcome this problem, we present a novel approach based on task-conditioned hypernetworks, i.e., networks that generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Johannes von Oswald , Christian Henning , Benjamin F. Grewe , João Sacramento

Continual learning, the ability of a model to adapt to an ongoing sequence of tasks without forgetting earlier ones, is a central goal of artificial intelligence. To better understand its underlying mechanisms, we study the limitations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Hossein Taheri , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are unable to sequentially learn new tasks without guaranteed stationarity in data distribution. Continual learning could be achieved via replay -- by concurrently training externally…

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ketaki Joshi , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Andre Wibisono , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

Continual learning of partially similar tasks poses a challenge for artificial neural networks, as task similarity presents both an opportunity for knowledge transfer and a risk of interference and catastrophic forgetting. However, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-31 Naoki Hiratani

Continual learning (CL) is an approach to address catastrophic forgetting, which refers to forgetting previously learned knowledge by neural networks when trained on new tasks or data distributions. The adversarial robustness has decomposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hikmat Khan , Nidhal C. Bouaynaya , Ghulam Rasool

Continual learning -- the ability to acquire knowledge incrementally without forgetting previous skills -- is fundamental to natural intelligence. While the human brain excels at this, artificial neural networks struggle with "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aoi Otani

Given the ease of creating synthetic data from machine learning models, new models can be potentially trained on synthetic data generated by previous models. This recursive training process raises concerns about the long-term impact on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ananda Theertha Suresh , Andrew Thangaraj , Aditya Nanda Kishore Khandavally

With the explosive growth of data, continual learning capability is increasingly important for neural networks. Due to catastrophic forgetting, neural networks inevitably forget the knowledge of old tasks after learning new ones. In visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Shengyang Huang , Jianwen Mo

Deep neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when continually learning new concepts. In this paper, we analyze this problem from a data imbalance point of view. We argue that the imbalance between old task and new task data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Leyuan Wang , Liuyu Xiang , Yunlong Wang , Huijia Wu , Zhaofeng He

The ability to learn more and more concepts over time from incrementally arriving data is essential for the development of a life-long learning system. However, deep neural networks often suffer from forgetting previously learned concepts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Huaiyu Li , Weiming Dong , Bao-Gang Hu

We investigate why deep neural networks suffer from loss of plasticity in deep continual learning, failing to learn new tasks without reinitializing parameters. We show that this failure is preceded by Hessian spectral collapse at new-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Naicheng He , Kaicheng Guo , Arjun Prakash , Saket Tiwari , Ruo Yu Tao , Tyrone Serapio , Amy Greenwald , George Konidaris

The ability of artificial agents to increment their capabilities when confronted with new data is an open challenge in artificial intelligence. The main challenge faced in such cases is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the tendency of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu , Ioannis Kanellos

A human brain is capable of continual learning by nature; however the current mainstream deep neural networks suffer from a phenomenon named catastrophic forgetting (i.e., learning a new set of patterns suddenly and completely would result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Zhenfeng Cao

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success in many cognitive tasks. However, when they are trained sequentially on multiple tasks without access to old data, their performance on early tasks tend to drop significantly. This problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Dong Yin , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Ang Li , Nir Levine , Alex Mott

Training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is a high-dimensional process that requires updating numerous parameters. Therefore, it is often difficult to pinpoint the underlying learning mechanisms. To address this challenge, we propose to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-12 Udith Haputhanthri , Liam Storan , Yiqi Jiang , Tarun Raheja , Adam Shai , Orhun Akengin , Nina Miolane , Mark J. Schnitzer , Fatih Dinc , Hidenori Tanaka

The ability to learn tasks in a sequential fashion is crucial to the development of artificial intelligence. Neural networks are not, in general, capable of this and it has been widely thought that catastrophic forgetting is an inevitable…

Deep continual learning requires models to adapt to new tasks without retraining from scratch. However, neural networks can lose their ability to adapt to new tasks after training on previous ones, a phenomenon known as loss of plasticity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiuqi Wang , Jayanth Srinivasa , Claire Chen , Shuze Daniel Liu , Ali Payani , Shangtong Zhang

The notion of neural collapse refers to several emergent phenomena that have been empirically observed across various canonical classification problems. During the terminal phase of training a deep neural network, the feature embedding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Duc Anh Nguyen , Ron Levie , Julian Lienen , Gitta Kutyniok , Eyke Hüllermeier