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There is growing interest in using 3-dimensional neutral hydrogen mapping with the redshifted 21 cm line as a cosmological probe, as it has been argued to have a greater long-term potential than the cosmic microwave background. However, its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yi Mao , Max Tegmark , Matthew McQuinn , Matias Zaldarriaga , Oliver Zahn

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville

We reanalyze the photoevaporation problem of subgalactic objects irradiated by UVB radiation in a reionized universe. For the purpose, we perform three-dimensional radiation smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics calculations, where the radiative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hajime Susa , Masayuki Umemura

We present a sophisticated statistical point-source foreground model for low-frequency radio Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiments using the 21 cm neutral hydrogen emission line. Motivated by our understanding of the low-frequency radio…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-16 Steven G. Murray , Cathryn M. Trott , Christopher H. Jordan

The observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the intergalactic medium will probe the epoch of reionization (EoR) with unprecedented detail. Various simulations are being developed and used to predict and understand the nature and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Prasad Rajesh Posture , Yashrajsinh Mahida , Suman Majumdar , Leon Noble

The 21cm line of neutral hydrogen is a powerful probe of the high-redshift universe (Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization), with an unprecedented potential to inform us about key processes of early galaxy formation, the first stars and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-05 Steven G. Murray , Jonathan Pober , Matthew Kolopanis

Modern machine learning will allow for simulation-based inference from reionization-era 21cm observations at the Square Kilometre Array. Our framework combines a convolutional summary network and a conditional invertible network through a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-16 Benedikt Schosser , Caroline Heneka , Tilman Plehn

As a result of our limited data on reionization, the total optical depth for electron scattering, $\tau$, limits precision measurements of cosmological parameters from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It was recently shown that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Anastasia Fialkov , Abraham Loeb

We propose a new way to reconstruct the ionized-bubble size distribution during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) through the real-space cross-correlation of 21-cm and star-forming line-intensity maps. Understanding the evolution and timing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Emilie Thélie , Sarah Libanore , Yonatan Sklansky , Julian B. Muñoz , Ely D. Kovetz

Motivated by the WMAP results indicating an early epoch of reionization, we consider alternative cosmic star formation models which are capable of reionizing the early intergalactic medium. We develop models which include an early burst of…

We compare the properties of stellar populations of model galaxies from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) project with the exiting UV and IR data. Since CROC simulations do not follow cosmic dust directly, we adopt two variants of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-01 Zimu Khakhaleva-Li , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

Neutral hydrogen (HI) serves as a crucial probe for the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Actual observations of the 21-cm signal often encounter challenges such as thermal noise and various systematic effects. To overcome…

Observations of 21cm line from neutral hydrogen promise to be an exciting new probe of astrophysics and cosmology during the Cosmic Dawn and through the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) to when dark energy accelerates the expansion of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-24 Tyler A. Cox , Aaron R. Parsons , Joshua S. Dillon , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Robert Pascua

Observations of the redshifted 21 cm line with upcoming radio telescopes promise to transform our understanding of the cosmic reionization. To unravel the underlying physical process, we investigate the 21 cm structures of three different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Hidenobu Yajima , Yuexing Li

The optical depth $\tau$ is the least well determined parameter in the standard model of cosmology, and one whose precise value is important for both understanding reionization and for inferring fundamental physics from cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Noah Sailer , Shi-Fan Chen , Martin White

There are several planned and ongoing experiments designed to explore the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the pivotal period during which the gas in the intergalactic medium went from being entirely neutral to almost entirely ionized. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-08-27 Vibor Jelic

Observations of the hydrogen hyperfine transition through the 21 cm line near the end of the cosmic dark ages provide unique opportunities to probe new physics. In this work, we investigate the potential of the sky-averaged 21 cm signal to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-12 Federico Cima , Francesco D'Eramo

Theoretically modelling the 21-cm signals caused by Population III stars (Pop III stars) is the key to extracting fruitful information on Pop III stars from current and forthcoming 21-cm observations. In this work we develop a new module of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-20 Toshiyuki Tanaka , Kenji Hasegawa

We introduce a publicly available full-sky beam convolution code library intended to inform the design of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) instruments and help current experiments probe potential systematic effects. The code can be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Alexandra S. Rahlin

Tomographic three-dimensional 21 cm images from the epoch of reionization contain a wealth of information about the reionization of the intergalactic medium by astrophysical sources. Conventional power spectrum analysis cannot exploit the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-22 Xiaosheng Zhao , Yi Mao , Cheng Cheng , Benjamin D. Wandelt