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Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

This study presents a systematic comparison of three approaches for the analysis of mental health text using large language models (LLMs): prompt engineering, retrieval augmented generation (RAG), and fine-tuning. Using LLaMA 3, we evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Arshia Kermani , Veronica Perez-Rosas , Vangelis Metsis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Training automatic summary fact verifiers often faces the challenge of a lack of human-labeled data. In this paper, we explore alternative way of leveraging Large Language Model (LLM) generated feedback to address the inherent limitation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jihwan Oh , Jeonghwan Choi , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Taewon Yun , Hwanjun Song

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) pose significant challenges in tasks requiring complex multi-step reasoning, such as mathematical problem-solving. Existing approaches primarily detect the presence of hallucinations but lack a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ruosen Li , Ziming Luo , Xinya Du

We propose Multiple Experts Fine-tuning Framework to build a financial large language model (LLM), DISC-FinLLM. Our methodology improves general LLMs by endowing them with multi-turn question answering abilities, domain text processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wei Chen , Qiushi Wang , Zefei Long , Xianyin Zhang , Zhongtian Lu , Bingxuan Li , Siyuan Wang , Jiarong Xu , Xiang Bai , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a key method to adapt pre-trained models to domain-specific tasks such as mathematical reasoning. However, standard SFT uniformly penalizes all tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied to financial analysis, reporting, investment decision support, risk management, compliance, and professional training. However, robust evaluation of their domain competence in…

Existing large language models (LLMs) driven search agents typically rely on prompt engineering to decouple the user queries into search plans, limiting their effectiveness in complex scenarios requiring reasoning. Furthermore, they suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jinzheng Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , Hongguang Li , Yiqing Shen

Fine-tuning a general-purpose large language model (LLM) for a specific domain or task has become a routine procedure for ordinary users. However, fine-tuning is known to remove the safety alignment features of the model, even when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate, yet most existing fact-checking methods treat factuality evaluation as a binary classification problem, offering limited interpretability and failing to capture fine-grained error types. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuzhuo Bai , Shuzheng Si , Kangyang Luo , Qingyi Wang , Wenhao Li , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a common practice for tailoring models to individual needs and preferences. The choice of datasets for fine-tuning can be diverse, introducing safety concerns regarding the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xuefeng Du , Yixuan Li

While recent advancements in vision-language models have improved video understanding, diagnosing their capacity for deep, narrative comprehension remains a challenge. Existing benchmarks often test short-clip recognition or use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nisarg A. Shah , Amir Ziai , Chaitanya Ekanadham , Vishal M. Patel

Automated assessment of open-ended student responses is a critical capability for scaling personalized feedback in education. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in grading tasks via in-context learning (ICL), their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Chu , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Kevin Haudek , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Automatic grading and feedback have been long studied using traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques using language models. With the recent accessibility to high performing large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA-2, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Gloria Ashiya Katuka , Alexander Gain , Yen-Yun Yu

Evaluating the output of generative large language models (LLMs) is challenging and difficult to scale. Many evaluations of LLMs focus on tasks such as single-choice question-answering or text classification. These tasks are not suitable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Sebastian Heineking , Jonas Probst , Daniel Steinbach , Martin Potthast , Harrisen Scells

Current evaluations of large language models aggregate performance across diverse tasks into single scores. This obscures fine-grained ability variation, limiting targeted model improvement and ability-guided selection for specific tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xu Zhang , Xudong Gong , Jiacheng Qin , Qiang Wang , JiaQi Liao , Zhe Wang , Dawei Feng , Bo Ding

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to generate educational content, a critical safety question arises: can these models reliably estimate the difficulty of the questions they produce? Using Brazil's high-stakes ENEM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Thiago Brant , Julien Kühn , Jun Pang