Related papers: Robinson Splitting Theorem and $\Sigma_1$ Inductio…

We discuss replica symmetry breaking (RSB) in spin glasses. We update work in this area, from both the analytical and numerical points of view. We give particular attention to the difficulties stressed by Newman and Stein concerning the…

The pentagonal number theorem is extended to the sequence of the number of integer partitions with all parts equal. The new pentagonal number theorem implies that the distribution of the primes is just a specific detail of the application…

A Turing degree d bounds a principle P of reverse mathematics if every computable instance of P has a d-computable solution. P admits a universal instance if there exists a computable instance such that every solution bounds P. We prove…

A Robinson space is a dissimilarity space $(X,d)$ (i.e., a set $X$ of size $n$ and a dissimilarity $d$ on $X$) for which there exists a total order $<$ on $X$ such that $x<y<z$ implies that $d(x,z)\ge \max\{ d(x,y), d(y,z)\}$. Recognizing…

Bowditch showed that a one-ended hyperbolic group which is not a triangle group splits over a two-ended group if and only if its boundary has a local cut point. As a corollary one obtains that splittings of hyperbolic groups over two-ended…

Let $A$ be a pseudocompact (or profinite) algebra, so $A=C^*$ where $C$ is a coalgebra. We show that the if the semiartinian part (the "Dickson" part) of every $A$-module $M$ splits off in $M$, then $A$ is semiartinian, also giving a…

Foulkes' conjecture has several generalisations due to Doran, Abdesselam--Chipalkatti, Bergeron, and Troyka. For the special linear Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C})$, these assert that given $a \le c \le d \le b$ with $ab=cd$, the…

An approximate formula for the partitions of Goldbach's Conjecture is derived using Prime Number Theorem and a heuristic probabilistic approach. A strong form of Goldbach's conjecture follows in the form of a lower bounding function for the…

According to their strength, the tracing properties of a code can be categorized as frameproof, separating, IPP and TA. It is known that if the minimum distance of the code is larger than a certain threshold then the TA property implies the…

One of the consequences of the Compactness Principle in structural Ramsey theory is that the small Ramsey degrees cannot exceed the corresponding big Ramsey degrees, thereby justifying the choice of adjectives. However, it is unclear what…

The famous Ham-Sandwich theorem states that any $d$ point sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be simultaneously bisected by a single hyperplane. The $\alpha$-Ham-Sandwich theorem gives a sufficient condition for the existence of biased cuts, i.e.,…

A permutation class $C$ is said to be splittable if there exist two proper subclasses $A, B \subsetneq C$ such that any $\sigma \in C$ can be red-blue colored so that the red (respectively, blue) subsequence of $\sigma$ is order isomorphic…

This paper has a two-fold purpose. First, by considering a reformulation of a deep theorem of G\"ollnitz, we obtain a new weighted partition identity involving the Rogers-Ramanujan partitions, namely, partitions into parts differing by at…

These are the notes of my lectures at the 1996 European Congress of Mathematicians. {} Polynomials appear in mathematics frequently, and we all know from experience that low degree polynomials are easier to deal with than high degree ones.…

We prove that every Brauer class over a field splits over a torsor under an abelian variety. If the index of the class is not congruent to 2 modulo 4, we show that the Albanese variety of any smooth curve of positive genus that splits the…

A way to break supersymmetry in perturbative superstring theory is the string version of the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism. There, the fermions and bosons have mass splitting due to different compactification boundary conditions. We consider the…

We consider the motion of a Brownian particle in $\mathbb{R}$, moving between a particle fixed at the origin and another moving deterministically away at slow speed $\epsilon>0$. The middle particle interacts with its neighbours via a…

This article presents a concise proof of the famous Benford's law when the distribution has a Riemann integrable probability density function and provides a criterion to judge whether a distribution obeys the law. The proof is intuitive and…

The number partitioning problem is a classic problem of combinatorial optimization in which a set of $n$ numbers is partitioned into two subsets such that the sum of the numbers in one subset is as close as possible to the sum of the…

Let R be a real closed field. The Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture says that any piecewise polynomial function f on R^n can be obtained from the polynomial ring R[x_1,...,x_n] by iterating the operations of maximum and minimum. The purpose of…