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Quantum Surface codes are a kind of quantum topological stabilizer codes whose stabilizers and qubits are geometrically related. Due to their special structures, surface codes have great potential to lead people to large-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 Yaping Yuan , Chung-Chin Lu

Quantum error correction offers a promising path for performing quantum computations with low errors. Although a fully fault-tolerant execution of a quantum algorithm remains unrealized, recent experimental developments, along with…

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is expected to address a wide range of computational problems. To realize large-scale FTQC, it is essential to encode logical qubits using quantum error-correcting codes. High-rate concatenated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Takeshi Kakizaki

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) critically depends on real-time classical decoding, which is rapidly emerging as a system bottleneck. As quantum systems scale, decoding latency and throughput limitations lead to exponential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Jiahan Chen , Chenghong Zhu , Ge Bai , Xin Wang

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables reliable computation on noisy hardware by encoding logical information across many physical qubits and periodically measuring parities to detect errors. A decoder is the classical algorithm that uses…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abtin Molavi , Feras Saad , Aws Albarghouthi

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

Post-selection strategies that discard low-confidence computational results can significantly improve the effective fidelity of quantum error correction at the cost of reduced acceptance rates, which can be particularly useful for offline…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Seok-Hyung Lee , Lucas H. English , Stephen D. Bartlett

Color codes are a leading class of topological quantum error-correcting codes with modest error thresholds and structural compatibility with two-dimensional architectures, which make them well-suited for fault-tolerant quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , David Tipper , Reza Nejabati , Eneet Kaur , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

The essential requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is the total protocol design to achieve a fair balance of all the critical factors relevant to its practical realization, such as the space overhead, the threshold, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Satoshi Yoshida , Shiro Tamiya , Hayata Yamasaki

Partial tomography, which focuses on reconstructing reduced density matrices (RDMs), has emerged as a promising approach for characterizing complex quantum systems, particularly when full state tomography is impractical. Recently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Chao Wei , Tao Xin

Quantum computation promises significant computational advantages over classical computation for some problems. However, quantum hardware suffers from much higher error rates than in classical hardware. As a result, extensive quantum error…

Using trial wavefunctions prepared on quantum devices to reduce the bias of auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (QC-AFQMC) has established itself as a promising hybrid approach to the simulation of strongly correlated many body systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-16 Matthew Kiser , Matthias Beuerle , Fedor Simkovic

Reliable execution of large-scale quantum algorithms requires robust underlying operations and this challenge is addressed by quantum error correction (QEC). Most modern QEC protocols rely on measurements and feed-forward operations, which…

Union-Find (UF) and Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) are popular decoder designs for surface codes. The former has significantly lower time complexity than the latter but is considered somewhat inferior, in terms of decoding accuracy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Yue Wu , Namitha Liyanage , Lin Zhong

In spite of the great potential of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to their excessive computational and memory demands. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hao Mark Chen , Fuwen Tan , Alexandros Kouris , Royson Lee , Hongxiang Fan , Stylianos I. Venieris

Fault-tolerance is the future of quantum computing, ensuring error-corrected quantum computation that can be used for practical applications. Resource requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) are daunting, and hence,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Sanaa Sharma , Prakash Murali

Quantum computing is poised to solve practically useful problems which are computationally intractable for classical supercomputers. However, the current generation of quantum computers are limited by errors that may only partially be…

Quantum simulation, fundamental in quantum algorithm design, extends far beyond its foundational roots, powering diverse quantum computing applications. However, optimizing the compilation of quantum Hamiltonian simulation poses significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-08 Xiuqi Cao , Junyu Zhou , Yuhao Liu , Yunong Shi , Gushu Li

Threshold estimation is central to fault-tolerant quantum computing, but the reported threshold depends not only on the code and noise model, but also on the decoder used to interpret syndrome data. We study this dependence for surface-code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Dennis Delali Kwesi Wayo , Chinonso Onah , Leonardo Goliatt , Sven Groppe