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Machine unlearning aims to remove specific concepts from pretrained text-to-image diffusion models, yet several white- and black-box attacks have been introduced to make the model generate such unlearned concepts. These attacks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Arian Komaei Koma , Seyed Amir Kasaei , AmirMahdi Sadeghzadeh , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly equipped with capabilities of real-time web search and integrated with protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP). This extension could introduce new security vulnerabilities. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Shuhang Lin , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang , Yao Liu , Lingyao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in applications that accept user-submitted content, such as uploaded documents or pasted text, for tasks like summarization and question answering. In this paper, we identify a new class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuotao Lian , Weiyu Wang , Qingkui Zeng , Toru Nakanishi , Teruaki Kitasuka , Chunhua Su

We introduce a new type of indirect, cross-modal injection attacks against visual language models that enable creation of self-interpreting images. These images contain hidden "meta-instructions" that control how models answer users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tingwei Zhang , Collin Zhang , John X. Morris , Eugene Bagdasarian , Vitaly Shmatikov

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex tasks requiring planning, tool use, and interaction with external services. Their reliance on untrusted external content exposes them to indirect prompt injection (IPI), in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zixuan Chen , Jiaxiang Chen , Li Luo , Ke Xu , Xiaoxiang Huang , Tanfeng Sun , Xinghao Jiang

With the rapid advancement of multimodal learning, pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated remarkable capacities in bridging the gap between visual and language modalities. However, these models remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaming Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Xin Wang , Lingyu Qiu , Jiaqi Wang , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jitao Sang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Understanding the vulnerabilities of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) to jailbreak attacks is essential for their responsible real-world deployment. Most previous work requires access to model gradients, or is based on human knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ruoxi Cheng , Yizhong Ding , Shuirong Cao , Ranjie Duan , Xiaoshuang Jia , Shaowei Yuan , Simeng Qin , Zhiqiang Wang , Xiaojun Jia

Vision-language artificial intelligence models (VLMs) possess medical knowledge and can be employed in healthcare in numerous ways, including as image interpreters, virtual scribes, and general decision support systems. However, here, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jan Clusmann , Dyke Ferber , Isabella C. Wiest , Carolin V. Schneider , Titus J. Brinker , Sebastian Foersch , Daniel Truhn , Jakob N. Kather

LLM-based NLP systems typically work by embedding their input data into prompt templates which contain instructions and/or in-context examples, creating queries which are submitted to a LLM, and then parsing the LLM response in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Zhifan Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across vision-language tasks. Recent advancements allow these models to process multiple images as inputs. However, the vulnerabilities of multi-image MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Alvi Md Ishmam , Najibul Haque Sarker , Zaber Ibn Abdul Hakim , Chris Thomas

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly considered for use in high-impact workflows, including academic peer review. However, LLMs are vulnerable to document-level hidden prompt injection attacks. In this work, we construct a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Panagiotis Theocharopoulos , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Mathew Magimai. -Doss

AI agents such as OpenClaw are increasingly deployed in local workflows with access to external tools. This creates indirect prompt-injection (IPI) risk: an agent may execute harmful instructions embedded in untrusted inputs such as email,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lei Zhao , Abhay Bhaskar , Edgar Dobriban

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities that increasingly influence various aspects of our daily lives, constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Image modalities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yihe Fan , Yuxin Cao , Ziyu Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Shaofeng Li

This paper studies the integration off Large Language Models into cybersecurity tools and protocols. The main issue discussed in this paper is how traditional rule-based and signature based security systems are not enough to deal with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raunak Somani , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to handle edge cases in robotic vehicle systems where data is scarce by using common-sense reasoning grounded in perception and action to generalize beyond training distributions and adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luis Burbano , Diego Ortiz , Qi Sun , Siwei Yang , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yinzhi Cao , Alvaro A Cardenas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in interactive contexts with direct user engagement, such as chatbots and writing assistants. These deployments are vulnerable to prompt injection and jailbreaking (collectively, prompt hacking), in…

The integration of external data services (e.g., Model Context Protocol, MCP) has made large language model-based agents increasingly powerful for complex task execution. However, this advancement introduces critical security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Che Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Ziqi Zhang , Zijie Wang , Yinghui Wang , Jianbo Gao , Tao Wei , Zhong Chen , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), seeking to elicit MLLMs to generate objectionable responses to harmful user queries. A maximum likelihood-based algorithm is proposed to find an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhenxing Niu , Haodong Ren , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua , Rong Jin