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Large language models in Agentic AI systems consume tool schemas and execution results and emit tool invocations as structured data. The default language for that exchange, JSON, was designed for application-to-application interchange…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lorenz Kutschka , Bernhard Geiger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly required to generate structured, machine-readable outputs for downstream systems. While recent benchmarks have focused on evaluating the structural correctness of such outputs, the environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elio Masciari , Vincenzo Moscato , Enea Vincenzo Napolitano , Gian Marco Orlando , Marco Perillo , Diego Russo

When LLMs process structured data, the serialization format directly affects cost and context utilization. Standard JSON wastes tokens repeating key names in every row of a tabular array--overhead that scales linearly with row count. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gowthamkumar Nandakishore

Serialization formats designed for document interchange impose structural overhead that becomes prohibitive when large language models consume operational data at scale. A modest dataset of 1,000 IoT sensor readings serialized as JSON…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Harshavardhanan Deekeswar

Instruction tuning is vital for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs), but existing text-to-text methods, referred to as TextTuning, struggle with issues such as generalization, robustness, and controllability due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Chang Gao , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Wai Lam

Reliably generating structured outputs has become a critical capability for modern language model (LM) applications. Constrained decoding has emerged as the dominant technology across sectors for enforcing structured outputs during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Saibo Geng , Hudson Cooper , Michał Moskal , Samuel Jenkins , Julian Berman , Nathan Ranchin , Robert West , Eric Horvitz , Harsha Nori

The challenges of high intra-class variance yet low inter-class fluctuations in fine-grained visual categorization are more severe with few labeled samples, \textit{i.e.,} Fine-Grained categorization problems under the Few-Shot setting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Huaxi Huang , Junjie Zhang , Jian Zhang , Qiang Wu , Chang Xu

The LLM-based generation of machine-readable outputs such as JSON has attracted significant attention for integration with external systems. However, existing approaches cannot strictly enforce the maximum number of tokens to be generated,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yoshio Kato , Shuhei Tarashima

The representation of sentences is a very important task. It can be used as a way to exchange data inter-applications. One main characteristic, that a notation must have, is a minimal size and a representative form. This can reduce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-12 Abdelkrime Aries , Djamel Eddine Zegour , Walid Khaled Hidouci

We build upon the functional object-oriented network (FOON), a structured knowledge representation which is constructed from observations of human activities and manipulations. A FOON can be used for representing object-motion affordances.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-03 David Paulius , Ahmad Babaeian Jelodar , Yu Sun

Speculative decoding (SD) has become a standard technique for accelerating LLM inference without sacrificing output quality. Recent advances in speculative decoding have shifted from sequential chain-based drafting to tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Yuhao Shen , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a data encoding that allows structured data to be used in a standardized and straightforward manner across systems. Schemas for JSON-formatted data can be constructed using the JSON Schema standard,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jack Stanek , Daniel Killough

Vision language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization across diverse tasks, yet their performance remains constrained by the quality and geometry of the textual prototypes used to represent classes. Standard zero shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Omprakash Chakraborty , Jose Dolz , Ismail Ben Ayed

While large language models have rapidly evolved towards general artificial intelligence, their versatility in analyzing time series data remains limited. To address this limitation, we propose a novel normalization technique that considers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Janghoon Yang

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

The functional object-oriented network (FOON) has been introduced as a knowledge representation, which takes the form of a graph, for symbolic task planning. To get a sequential plan for a manipulation task, a robot can obtain a task tree…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Md Sadman Sakib , Hailey Baez , David Paulius , Yu Sun

The approaches that guide Large Language Models (LLMs) to emulate human reasoning during response generation have emerged as an effective method for enabling them to solve complex problems in a step-by-step manner, thereby achieving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Minhyuk Kim , Seungyoon Lee , Heuiseok Lim

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning but often increases inference cost by one to two orders of magnitude. To address these challenges, we present \textbf{OneLatent}, a framework that compresses intermediate reasoning into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bo Lv , Yasheng Sun , Junjie Wang , Haoxiang Shi

Efficient and accurate annotation of datasets remains a significant challenge for deploying object detection models such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) in real-world applications, particularly in agriculture where rapid decision-making is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohamed Abdallah Salem , Ahmed Harb Rabia

Task competition by robots is still off from being completely dependable and usable. One way a robot may decipher information given to it and accomplish tasks is by utilizing FOON, which stands for functional object-oriented network. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Raj Patel
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