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Latent Chain-of-Thought (Latent CoT) models promise efficient reasoning via continuous representations, yet exhibit puzzling performance inconsistencies: excelling at exploration (ProsQA: 97.0%) but failing at computation (GSM8K: 34.1%). We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaxuan Zou , Yaozhong Xiong , Yong Liu

Evaluating LLMs' instruction-following ability in multi-topic dialogues is essential yet challenging. Existing benchmarks are limited to a fixed number of turns, susceptible to saturation and failing to account for users' interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qi Jia , Ye Shen , Xiujie Song , Kaiwei Zhang , Shibo Wang , Dun Pei , Xiangyang Zhu , Guangtao Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) excel on static benchmarks, but their performance across multi-turn conversations, which better reflect real-world usage, remains understudied. Addressing this gap is critical in high-stakes settings like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kevin H. Guo , Chao Yan , Avinash Baidya , Katherine Brown , Xiang Gao , Juming Xiong , Zhijun Yin , Bradley A. Malin

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have attracted enormous attention over the past few years with their unparalleled performances. Meanwhile, the soaring cost to train PLMs as well as their amazing generalizability have jointly contributed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tianrong Zhang , Zhaohan Xi , Ting Wang , Prasenjit Mitra , Jinghui Chen

Fraud detection and anti-money-laundering (AML) compliance are high-value domains for large language models (LLMs), but their serving requirements differ sharply from generic chat workloads. Compliance prompts are often prefix-heavy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Prathamesh Vasudeo Naik , Naresh Dintakurthi , Yue Wang

The training data for many Large Language Models (LLMs) is contaminated with test data. This means that public benchmarks used to assess LLMs are compromised, suggesting a performance gap between benchmark scores and actual capabilities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jacob Haimes , Cenny Wenner , Kunvar Thaman , Vassil Tashev , Clement Neo , Esben Kran , Jason Schreiber

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in multi-turn workflows, but we still lack a clear way to measure when iteration helps and when it hurts. We present an evaluation framework for iterative refinement that spans ideation, code, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Bhavul Gauri , Zining Zhu

Regulation is increasingly cited as the most important and pressing concern in machine learning. However, it is currently unknown how to implement this, and perhaps more importantly, how it would effect model performance alongside human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Eoin M. Kenny , Julie A. Shah

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transitioning into medical clinical use, yet their reliability under realistic, multi-turn interactions remains poorly understood. Existing evaluation frameworks typically assess single-turn question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Blazej Manczak , Eric Lin , Francisco Eiras , James O' Neill , Vaikkunth Mugunthan

The growing use of large language model (LLM)-based chatbots has raised concerns about fairness. Fairness issues in LLMs can lead to severe consequences, such as bias amplification, discrimination, and harm to marginalized communities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhiting Fan , Ruizhe Chen , Tianxiang Hu , Zuozhu Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex multi-turn conversations across diverse real-world applications. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on single-turn evaluations, overlooking the models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Wai-Chung Kwan , Xingshan Zeng , Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of adapting pre-trained language models (LMs) for forecasting time series in the low-data regime. We build upon these findings by analyzing the effective transfer from language models to time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Roland Riachi , Kashif Rasul , Arjun Ashok , Prateek Humane , Alexis Roger , Andrew R. Williams , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Irina Rish

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex workflows, yet their ability to maintain flow of instructions remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks conflate task complexity with structural ordering, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrew Jaffe , Noah Reicin , Jinho D. Choi

Background. Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise for improving genetic variant literature review in clinical testing. We assessed Generative Pretrained Transformer 4's (GPT-4) performance, nondeterminism, and drift to inform its…

This paper focuses on robust stability and $H_\infty$ performance analyses of hybrid continuous/discrete time linear multi-rate control systems in the presence of parametric uncertainties. These affect the continuous-time plant in a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Jean-Marc Biannic , Clément Roos , Christelle Cumer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

Large Language Models (LLMs) are expected to provide helpful and harmless responses, yet they often exhibit sycophancy--conforming to user beliefs regardless of factual accuracy or ethical soundness. Prior research on sycophancy has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiseung Hong , Grace Byun , Seungone Kim , Kai Shu , Jinho D. Choi

We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

In prompt tuning, a prefix or suffix text is added to the prompt, and the embeddings (soft prompts) or token indices (hard prompts) of the prefix/suffix are optimized to gain more control over language models for specific tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shouchang Guo , Sonam Damani , Keng-hao Chang

Turn-taking modeling is fundamental to spoken dialogue systems, yet its evaluation remains fragmented and often limited to binary boundary detection under narrow interaction settings. Such protocols hinder systematic comparison and obscure…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Huan Shen , Yingao Wang , Shangkun Huang , Wei Zou , Yunzhang Chen