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The prevalence of breast cancer continues to grow, affecting about 300,000 females in the United States in 2023. However, there are different levels of severity of breast cancer requiring different treatment strategies, and hence, grading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-05 Chi-en Amy Tai , Hayden Gunraj , Alexander Wong

Developing robust artificial intelligence (AI) models that generalize well to unseen datasets is challenging and usually requires large and variable datasets, preferably from multiple institutions. In federated learning (FL), a model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh , Christiane Kuhl , Marwin-Jonathan Saehn , Peter Isfort , Daniel Truhn , Sven Nebelung

Mitotic figures are classified into typical and atypical variants, with atypical counts correlating strongly with tumor aggressiveness. Accurate differentiation is therefore essential for patient prognostication and resource allocation, yet…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Mieko Ochi , Bae Yuan

Precision medicine is an emerging field that takes into account individual heterogeneity to inform better clinical practice. In clinical trials, the evaluation of treatment effect heterogeneity is an important component, and recently, many…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Yuejia Xu , Angela M. Wood , Brian D. M. Tom

Clinical risk prediction models often underperform in real-world settings due to poor calibration, limited transportability, and subgroup disparities. These challenges are amplified in high-dimensional multimodal cancer datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Toktam Khatibi

Free Point Transformer (FPT) has been proposed as a data-driven, non-rigid point set registration approach using deep neural networks. As FPT does not assume constraints based on point vicinity or correspondence, it may be trained simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Zachary MC Baum , Tamas Ungi , Christopher Schlenger , Yipeng Hu , Dean C Barratt

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems hold great promise to improve healthcare over the next decades. Specifically, AI systems leveraging multiple data sources and input modalities are poised to become a viable method to deliver more…

Building robust deep learning-based models requires large quantities of diverse training data. In this study, we investigate the use of federated learning (FL) to build medical imaging classification models in a real-world collaborative…

The accurate diagnosis on pathological subtypes for lung cancer is of significant importance for the follow-up treatments and prognosis managements. In this paper, we propose self-generating hybrid feature network (SGHF-Net) for accurately…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-20 Wentao Zhu , Yuan Jin , Gege Ma , Geng Chen , Jan Egger , Shaoting Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior and lack of targeted therapies. Accurate early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is essential for guiding…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-29 Hikmat Khan , Ziyu Su , Huina Zhang , Yihong Wang , Bohan Ning , Shi Wei , Hua Guo , Zaibo Li , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Correctly assessing the malignancy of breast lesions identified during ultrasound examinations is crucial for effective clinical decision-making. However, the current "golden standard" relies on manual BI-RADS scoring by clinicians, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Alek Fröhlich , Thiago Ramos , Gustavo Cabello , Isabela Buzatto , Rafael Izbicki , Daniel Tiezzi

Purpose: Accurately classifying tissue margins during cancer surgeries is crucial for ensuring complete tumor removal. Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS), a tool for real-time intraoperative margin assessment, generates…

Radiology plays an integral role in modern medicine, yet rising imaging volumes have far outpaced workforce growth. Foundation models offer a path toward assisting with the full spectrum of radiology tasks, but existing medical models…

Despite the significant potential of Foundation Models (FMs) in medical imaging, their application to prognosis prediction remains challenging due to data scarcity, class imbalance, and task complexity, which limit their clinical adoption.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Filippo Ruffini , Elena Mulero Ayllon , Linlin Shen , Paolo Soda , Valerio Guarrasi

Predicting protein complex structures is essential for protein function analysis, protein design, and drug discovery. While AI methods like AlphaFold can predict accurate structural models for many protein complexes, reliably estimating the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-30 Pawan Neupane , Jian Liu , Jianlin Cheng

As advances in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal techniques continue to mature, the development of general-purpose multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has surged, offering significant applications in interpreting natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuxuan Sun , Chenglu Zhu , Sunyi Zheng , Kai Zhang , Lin Sun , Zhongyi Shui , Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Lin Yang

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as a core approach for learning transferable representations from whole slide images (WSIs), and they are typically benchmarked through downstream clinical endpoints. While such task level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bokai Zhao , Yiyang Zhang , Yuanchi Zhu , Hanqing Chao , Long Bai , Tai Ma , Minfeng Xu , Ming Song , Tianzi Jiang

Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor with diverse molecular and pathological features, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneity. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of this heterogeneity are essential for choosing the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Juexin Zhang , Ying Weng , Ke Chen

Total-body PET/CT enables system-wide molecular imaging, but heterogeneous anatomical and metabolic signals, approximately 2 m axial coverage, and structured radiology semantics challenge existing medical AI models that assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wei Chen , Liang Wu , Shuyi Lu , Yuanyuan Sun , Wenkai Bi , Zilong Yuan , Yaoyao He , Feng Wang , Junchi Ma , Shuyong Liu , Zhaoping Cheng , Xiaoyan Hu , Jianfeng Qiu

Computational pathology holds substantial promise for improving diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. Recent pathology foundation models enable the extraction of rich patch-level representations from large-scale whole-slide images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xiangde Luo , Jinxi Xiang , Yuanfeng Ji , Ruijiang Li