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While social media empowers freedom of expression and individual voices, it also enables anti-social behavior, online harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. In this paper, we deepen our understanding of online hate speech by focusing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Mai ElSherief , Vivek Kulkarni , Dana Nguyen , William Yang Wang , Elizabeth Belding

Optimization of offensive content moderation models for different types of hateful messages is typically achieved through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on new hate speech benchmarks. However, existing benchmarks mainly address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Irina Proskurina , Marc-Antoine Carpentier , Julien Velcin

Social media platforms, despite their value in promoting open discourse, are often exploited to spread harmful content. Current deep learning and natural language processing models used for detecting this harmful content overly rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Paras Sheth , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Huan Liu

Among the various modes of communication in social media, the use of Internet memes has emerged as a powerful means to convey political, psychological, and socio-cultural opinions. Although memes are typically humorous in nature, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Shraman Pramanick , Dimitar Dimitrov , Rituparna Mukherjee , Shivam Sharma , Md. Shad Akhtar , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

The increased proliferation of abusive content on social media platforms has a negative impact on online users. The dread, dislike, discomfort, or mistrust of lesbian, gay, transgender or bisexual persons is defined as…

Amidst the rise of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and their widespread application in generating and interpreting complex content, the risk of propagating biased and harmful memes remains significant. Current safety measures often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuanyu Su , Yansong Li , Diana Inkpen , Nathalie Japkowicz

The automatic identification of harmful content online is of major concern for social media platforms, policymakers, and society. Researchers have studied textual, visual, and audio content, but typically in isolation. Yet, harmful content…

In recent years, monitoring hate speech and offensive language on social media platforms has become paramount due to its widespread usage among all age groups, races, and ethnicities. Consequently, there have been substantial research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Aneri Rana , Sonali Jha

With the rise of online hate speech, automatic detection of Hate Speech, Offensive texts as a natural language processing task is getting popular. However, very little research has been done to detect unintended social bias from these toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nihar Sahoo , Himanshu Gupta , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Content moderation faces a challenging task as social media's ability to spread hate speech contrasts with its role in promoting global connectivity. With rapidly evolving slang and hate speech, the adaptability of conventional deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Paras Sheth , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Huan Liu

Dark humor often relies on subtle cultural nuances and implicit cues that require contextual reasoning to interpret, posing safety challenges that current static benchmarks fail to capture. To address this, we introduce a novel multimodal,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ahmed Sharshar , Hosam Elgendy , Saad El Dine Ahmed , Yasser Rohaim , Yuxia Wang

The massive spread of hate speech, hateful content targeted at specific subpopulations, is a problem of critical social importance. Automated methods of hate speech detection typically employ state-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Hate speech is a form of online harassment that involves the use of abusive language, and it is commonly seen in social media posts. This sort of harassment mainly focuses on specific group characteristics such as religion, gender,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Georgios K. Pitsilis

Memes on the Internet are often harmless and sometimes amusing. However, by using certain types of images, text, or combinations of both, the seemingly harmless meme becomes a multimodal type of hate speech -- a hateful meme. The Hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Riza Velioglu , Jewgeni Rose

The spread of hate speech on social media space is currently a serious issue. The undemanding access to the enormous amount of information being generated on these platforms has led people to post and react with toxic content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

Social networking platforms provide a conduit to disseminate our ideas, views and thoughts and proliferate information. This has led to the amalgamation of English with natively spoken languages. Prevalence of Hindi-English code-mixed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Ananya Srivastava , Mohammed Hasan , Bhargav Yagnik , Rahee Walambe , Ketan Kotecha

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

In today's digital world, social media plays a significant role in facilitating communication and content sharing. However, the exponential rise in user-generated content has led to challenges in maintaining a respectful online environment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mohammad Dehghani

This work addresses the challenge of hate speech detection in Internet memes, and attempts using visual information to automatically detect hate speech, unlike any previous work of our knowledge. Memes are pixel-based multimedia documents…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Benet Oriol Sabat , Cristian Canton Ferrer , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto
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