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To address the modality imbalance caused by data heterogeneity, existing multi-modal learning (MML) approaches primarily focus on balancing this difference from the perspective of optimization objectives. However, almost all existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Zhi-Hao Guan

Multimodal learning leverages complementary information derived from different modalities, thereby enhancing performance in medical image segmentation. However, prevailing multimodal learning methods heavily rely on extensive well-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaogen Zhou , Yiyou Sun , Min Deng , Winnie Chiu Wing Chu , Qi Dou

The mechanism of connecting multimodal signals through self-attention operation is a key factor in the success of multimodal Transformer networks in remote sensing data fusion tasks. However, traditional approaches assume access to all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Yuxing Chen , Maofan Zhao , Lorenzo Bruzzone

Despite the recent success of Multimodal Foundation Models (FMs), their reliance on massive paired datasets limits their applicability in low-data and rare-scenario settings where aligned data is scarce and expensive. A key bottleneck is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Truong Pham , Anay Majee , Rishabh Iyer

Semantic segmentation relying solely on RGB data often struggles in challenging conditions such as low illumination and obscured views, limiting its reliability in critical applications like autonomous driving. To address this, integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ce Zhang , Zifu Wan , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Yaqi Xie

Integrating information from multiple modalities enhances the robustness of scene perception systems in autonomous vehicles, providing a more comprehensive and reliable sensory framework. However, the modality incompleteness in multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Ruiping Liu , Jiaming Zhang , Kunyu Peng , Yufan Chen , Ke Cao , Junwei Zheng , M. Saquib Sarfraz , Kailun Yang , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Learning from multiple modalities often suffers from imbalance, where information-rich modalities dominate optimization while weaker or partially missing modalities contribute less. This imbalance becomes severe in realistic settings with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Phuong-Anh Nguyen , Tien Anh Pham , Duc-Trong Le , Cam-Van Thi Nguyen

Multi-modal learning aims to enhance performance by unifying models from various modalities but often faces the "modality imbalance" problem in real data, leading to a bias towards dominant modalities and neglecting others, thereby limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Yang Yang , Hongpeng Pan , Qing-Yuan Jiang , Yi Xu , Jinghui Tang

Due to the notorious modality imbalance problem, multimodal learning (MML) leads to the phenomenon of optimization imbalance, thus struggling to achieve satisfactory performance. Recently, some representative methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Qing-Yuan Jiang , Zhouyang Chi , Yang Yang

Infrared and visible dual-modality tasks such as semantic segmentation and object detection can achieve robust performance even in extreme scenes by fusing complementary information. Most current methods design task-specific frameworks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangcen Liu , Chenqiang Gao , Fang Chen , Pengcheng Li , Junjie Guo , Deyu Meng

Despite significant progress in Unified Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) powered by Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), existing embedding methods primarily focus on sample-level objectives via contrastive learning while overlooking the crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Guosheng Zhang , Linkai Liu , Keyao Wang , Haixiao Yue , Zhiwen Tan , Xiao Tan

The inevitable modality imperfection in real-world scenarios poses significant challenges for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA). While existing methods tailor reconstruction or joint representation learning strategies to restore missing…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hu Zhangfeng , Shi mengxin

Multimodal semantic segmentation is a pivotal component of computer vision and typically surpasses unimodal methods by utilizing rich information set from various sources.Current models frequently adopt modality-specific frameworks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Bingyu Li , Da Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Multimodal remote sensing data, acquired from diverse sensors, offer a comprehensive and integrated perspective of the Earth's surface. Leveraging multimodal fusion techniques, semantic segmentation enables detailed and accurate analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Xianping Ma , Xiaokang Zhang , Man-On Pun , Bo Huang

Traditional single-modality sensing faces limitations in accuracy and capability, and its decoupled implementation with communication systems increases latency in bandwidth-constrained environments. Additionally, single-task-oriented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yubo Peng , Luping Xiang , Kun Yang , Feibo Jiang , Kezhi Wang , Dapeng Oliver Wu

Integrated learning and communication (ILAC) unifies learned transceivers with radio resource management, where semantic feature multiple access (SFMA) enables paired users to superpose their learned representations over shared…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Jiaxiang Wang , Zhouxiang Zhao , Yahao Ding , Zhijin Qin , Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Mohammad Shikh-Bahaei

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) aims to infer emotional states by effectively integrating textual, acoustic, and visual modalities. Despite notable progress, existing multimodal fusion methods often neglect modality-specific structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jiangfeng Sun , Sihao He , Zhonghong Ou , Meina Song

Robust semantic perception for autonomous vehicles relies on effectively combining multiple sensors with complementary strengths and weaknesses. State-of-the-art sensor fusion approaches to semantic perception often treat sensor data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tim Broedermannn , Christos Sakaridis , Luigi Piccinelli , Wim Abbeloos , Luc Van Gool

Multi-modal semantic segmentation significantly enhances AI agents' perception and scene understanding, especially under adverse conditions like low-light or overexposed environments. Leveraging additional modalities (X-modality) like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zifu Wan , Pingping Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Silong Yong , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Yaqi Xie

Multimodal learning with incomplete input data (missing modality) is practical and challenging. In this work, we conduct an in-depth analysis of this challenge and find that modality dominance has a significant negative impact on the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Hao Wang , Shengda Luo , Guosheng Hu , Jianguo Zhang