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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on high-dimensional vectors has become a fundamental and essential component in various machine learning tasks. Recently, with the rapid development of deep learning models and the applications of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zeyu Wang , Haoran Xiong , Qitong Wang , Zhenying He , Peng Wang , Themis Palpanas , Wei Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao

Maximum Inner Product Search or top-k retrieval on sparse vectors is well-understood in information retrieval, with a number of mature algorithms that solve it exactly. However, all existing algorithms are tailored to text and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Amir Ingber , Edo Liberty

Billion-scale high-dimensional approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search has become an important problem for searching similar objects among the vast amount of images and videos available online. The existing ANN methods are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Wei Chen , Jincai Chen , Fuhao Zou , Yuan-Fang Li , Ping Lu , Qiang Wang , Wei Zhao

Many real-world tasks such as recommending videos with the kids tag can be reduced to finding most similar vectors associated with hard predicates. This task, filtered vector search, is challenging as prior state-of-the-art graph-based…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zhaoheng Li , Silu Huang , Wei Ding , Yongjoo Park , Jianjun Chen

In the era of cloud computing and AI, data owners outsource ubiquitous vectors to the cloud, which furnish approximate $k$-nearest neighbors ($k$-ANNS) services to users. To protect data privacy against the untrusted server,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yingfan Liu , Yandi Zhang , Jiadong Xie , Hui Li , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Jiangtao Cui

This paper tackles the task of storing a large collection of vectors, such as visual descriptors, and of searching in it. To this end, we propose to approximate database vectors by constrained sparse coding, where possible atom weights are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Himalaya Jain , Patrick Pérez , Rémi Gribonval , Joaquin Zepeda , Hervé Jégou

Managing large-scale vector datasets with disk-resident graph approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) systems incurs substantial storage overhead due to the co-location of vector data and auxiliary index metadata, which prevents the…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuanming Ren , Juncheng Zhang , Yanjing Ren , Rui Yang , Di Wu , Patrick P. C. Lee

Applications increasingly leverage mixed-modality data, and must jointly search over vector data, such as embedded images, text and video, as well as structured data, such as attributes and keywords. Proposed methods for this hybrid search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Liana Patel , Peter Kraft , Carlos Guestrin , Matei Zaharia

Graph-based indexing is the dominant approach for approximate nearest neighbor search in vector databases, offering high recall with low latency across billions of vectors. However, in such indices, the edge set of the proximity graph is…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sami Abuzakuk , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

For a given dataset $\mathcal{D}$ and structured label $f$, the goal of Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (FANNS) algorithms is to find top-$k$ points closest to a query that satisfy label constraints, while ensuring both recall…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jiayang Shi , Yuzheng Cai , Weiguo Zheng

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental building block in information retrieval with graph-based indices being the current state-of-the-art and widely used in the industry. Recent advances in graph-based indices have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Aditi Singh , Suhas Jayaram Subramanya , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Range-filtering approximate nearest neighbor (RFANN) search is attracting increasing attention in academia and industry. Given a set of data objects, each being a pair of a high-dimensional vector and a numeric value, an RFANN query with a…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Yuexuan Xu , Jianyang Gao , Yutong Gou , Cheng Long , Christian S. Jensen

A classical vector retrieval problem typically considers a \emph{single} query embedding vector as input and retrieves the most similar embedding vectors from a vector database. However, complex reasoning and retrieval tasks frequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Allassan Tchangmena A Nken , Baimam Boukar Jean Jacques , Miriam Rateike , Celia Cintas , Skyler Speakman

Given a vector dataset $\mathcal{X}$ and a query vector $\vec{x}_q$, graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) aims to build a graph index $G$ and approximately return vectors with minimum distances to $\vec{x}_q$ by searching…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiongkang Ni , Xiaoliang Xu , Yuxiang Wang , Can Li , Jiajie Yao , Shihai Xiao , Xuecang Zhang

Filtered Vector Search (FVS) is critical for supporting semantic search and GenAI applications in modern database systems. However, existing research most often evaluates algorithms in specialized libraries, making optimistic assumptions…

Approximate k-Nearest Neighbour (ANN) methods are often used for mining information and aiding machine learning on large scale high-dimensional datasets. ANN methods typically differ in the index structure used for accelerating searches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ben Harwood , Amir Dezfouli , Iadine Chades , Conrad Sanderson

Range-filtering approximate $k$-nearest neighbor (RFAKNN) search takes as input a vector and a numeric value, returning $k$ points from a database of $N$ high-dimensional points. The returned points must satisfy two criteria: their numeric…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mingyu Yang , Wentao Li , Zhitao Shen , Chuan Xiao , Wei Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is essential for modern data-driven applications that require efficient retrieval of top-k results from massive vector databases. Although existing graph-based ANNS algorithms achieve a high recall…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yang Shi , Yiping Sun , Jiaolong Du , Xiaocheng Zhong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Hu

In this paper we present an efficient method for visual descriptors retrieval based on compact hash codes computed using a multiple k-means assignment. The method has been applied to the problem of approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Simone Ercoli , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo