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Embedding-based dense retrieval has become the cornerstone of many critical applications, where approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) queries are often combined with filters on labels such as dates and price ranges. Graph-based indexes…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yicheng Jin , Yongji Wu , Wenjun Hu , Bruce M. Maggs , Jun Yang , Xiao Zhang , Danyang Zhuo

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) constitutes an important operation in a multitude of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and pattern recognition. In the past decade, graph-based ANNS algorithms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Mengzhao Wang , Xiaoliang Xu , Qiang Yue , Yuxiang Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) plays a critical role in applications such as search engines, recommender systems, and RAG for LLMs. Vector quantization (VQ), a crucial technique for ANNS, is commonly used to reduce space…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hui Li , Shiyuan Deng , Xiao Yan , Xiangyu Zhi , James Cheng

Advances in embedding models for text, image, audio, and video drive progress across multiple domains, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and others. Many of these applications require an efficient method to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Patrick Iff , Paul Bruegger , Marcin Chrapek , David Kochergin , Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

Large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) has been gaining attention along with the latest machine learning researches employing ANNs. If the data is too large to fit in memory, it is necessary to search for the most similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Taiga Ikeda , Daisuke Miyashita , Jun Deguchi

ANNS for embedded vector representations of texts is commonly used in information retrieval, with two important information representations being sparse and dense vectors. While it has been shown that combining these representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoyu Zhang , Jun Liu , Zhenhua Zhu , Shulin Zeng , Maojia Sheng , Tao Yang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Vector indexing enables semantic search over diverse corpora and has become an important interface to databases for both users and AI agents. Efficient vector search requires deep optimizations in database systems. This has motivated a new…

With the growing integration of structured and unstructured data, new methods have emerged for performing similarity searches on vectors while honoring structured attribute constraints, i.e., a process known as Filtering Approximate Nearest…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mocheng Li , Xiao Yan , Baotong Lu , Yue Zhang , James Cheng , Chenhao Ma

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins many large-scale data mining and machine learning applications, with efficient retrieval increasingly hinging on GPU acceleration as dataset sizes grow. Although graph-based approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yaowen Liu , Xuejia Chen , Anxin Tian , Haoyang Li , Qinbin Li , Xin Zhang , Alexander Zhou , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Wen Li , Ying Zhang , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins modern applications such as information retrieval and recommendation. With the rapid growth of vector data, efficient indexing for real-time vector search has become rudimentary. Existing…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuchen Peng , Dingyu Yang , Zhongle Xie , Ji Sun , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Gang Chen

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become vital to modern AI infrastructure, particularly in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) applications. Numerous in-browser ANNS engines have emerged to seamlessly integrate with popular…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Mugeng Liu , Siqi Zhong , Qi Yang , Yudong Han , Xuanzhe Liu , Yun Ma

Vector search, the task of finding the k-nearest neighbors of a query vector against a database of high-dimensional vectors, underpins many machine learning applications, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and…

Vector representations and vector space modeling (VSM) play a central role in modern machine learning. We propose a novel approach to `vector similarity searching' over dense semantic representations of words and documents that can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Jan Rygl , Jan Pomikálek , Radim Řehůřek , Michal Růžička , Vít Novotný , Petr Sojka

Given a hybrid dataset where every data object consists of a vector and an attribute value, for each query with a target vector and a range filter, range-filtering approximate nearest neighbor search (RFANNS) aims to retrieve the most…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziqi Wang , Jingzhe Zhang , Wei Hu

In embedding-based retrieval, Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search enables efficient retrieval of similar items from large-scale datasets. While maximizing recall of relevant items is usually the goal of retrieval systems, a low…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicholas Rossi , Juexin Lin , Feng Liu , Zhen Yang , Tony Lee , Alessandro Magnani , Ciya Liao

The in-memory approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have achieved great success for fast high-recall query processing, but are extremely inefficient when handling hybrid queries with unstructured (i.e., feature vectors) and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wei Wu , Junlin He , Yu Qiao , Guoheng Fu , Li Liu , Jin Yu

Embedding-based vector search underpins many important applications, such as recommendation and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). It relies on vector indices to enable efficient search. However, these indices require storing…

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui

This paper addresses the problem of Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search in pattern recognition where feature vectors in a database are encoded as compact codes in order to speed-up the similarity search in large-scale databases.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Sohrab Ferdowsi , Slava Voloshynovskiy , Dimche Kostadinov , Taras Holotyak