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Applications of Large Language Models~(LLMs) have evolved from simple text generators into complex software systems that integrate retrieval augmentation, tool invocation, and multi-turn interactions. Their inherent non-determinism,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Qiang Hu , Shi Ying , Zhi Jin , Bo Du , Zhenchang Xing , Tianlin Li , Junjie Shi , Yang Liu , Linxiao Jiang

Context: Traditional software security analysis methods struggle to keep pace with the scale and complexity of modern codebases, requiring intelligent automation to detect, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities more efficiently and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shaznin Sultana , Sadia Afreen , Nasir U. Eisty

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann

Autonomous multi-agent systems based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in independently solving complex tasks in a wide breadth of application domains. However, these systems hit critical reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Evan Rose , Tushin Mallick , Matthew D. Laws , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Alina Oprea

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

As agentic AI becomes more widespread, agents with distinct and possibly conflicting goals will interact in complex ways. These multi-agent interactions pose a fundamental challenge, particularly in social dilemmas, where agents' individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dereck Piche , Mohammed Muqeeth , Milad Aghajohari , Juan Duque , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville

Context. The problem of comparative evaluation of communication protocols for task orchestration by large language model (LLM) agents is considered. The object of study is the process of interaction between LLM agents and external tools, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ivan Dobrovolskyi

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Effort estimation is a crucial activity in agile software development, where teams collaboratively review, discuss, and estimate the effort required to complete user stories in a product backlog. Current practices in agile effort estimation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thanh-Long Bui , Hoa Khanh Dam , Rashina Hoda

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as reasoning systems, where reasoning paradigms - such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and multi-agent systems (MAS) - play a critical role, yet their relative effectiveness and cost-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yapeng Li , Jiakuo Yu , Zhixin Liu , Xinnan Liu , Jing Yu , Songze Li , Tonghua Su

Manufacturing industries are facing increasing product variability due to the growing demand for personalized products. Under these conditions, ensuring safety becomes challenging as frequent reconfigurations can lead to unintended…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonghan Lim , Mostafa Tavakkoli Anbarani , Rômulo Meira-Góes , Ilya Kovalenko

Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools are essential for identifying software vulnerabilities, but they often produce a high volume of false positives (FPs), imposing a substantial manual triage burden on developers. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yunpeng Xiong , Ting Zhang

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

Modern Large Language Model (LLM) agents promise end to end assistance with real-world software tasks, yet existing benchmarks evaluate LLM agents almost exclusively in pre-baked environments where every dependency is pre-installed. To fill…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Avi Arora , Jinu Jang , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

[Background] Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) are transforming software development by enabling autonomous collaboration. Classical software processes such asWaterfall, V-Model, and Agile offer structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Duc Minh Ha , Phu Trac Kien , Tho Quan , Anh Nguyen-Duc

Learned classifiers deployed in agentic pipelines face a fundamental reliability problem: predictions are probabilistic inferences, not verified conclusions, and acting on them without grounding in observable evidence leads to compounding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jugal Gajjar

In recent years, AI-based software engineering has progressed from pre-trained models to advanced agentic workflows, with Software Development Agents representing the next major leap. These agents, capable of reasoning, planning, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhi Chen , Lingxiao Jiang

Software vulnerability management has become increasingly critical as modern systems scale in size and complexity. However, existing automated approaches remain insufficient. Traditional static analysis methods struggle to precisely capture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zelong Zheng , Jiayuan Zhou , Xing Hu , Yi Gao , Shengyi Pan