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Large language model (LLM) agents have exhibited strong problem-solving competence across domains like research and coding. Yet, it remains underexplored whether LLM agents can tackle compounding real-world problems that require a diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hanwen Xu , Xuyao Huang , Yuzhe Liu , Kai Yu , Zhijie Deng

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

Modern agentic frameworks (e.g., CrewAI and AutoGen) have evolved into complex, autonomous multi-agent systems, introducing unique reliability challenges beyond earlier pipeline-based LLM libraries. However, existing empirical studies focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xiaowen Zhang , Hannuo Zhang , Shin Hwei Tan

This work presents an analytical framework for the design and analysis of LLM-based algorithms, i.e., algorithms that contain one or multiple calls of large language models (LLMs) as sub-routines and critically rely on the capabilities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanxi Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), general-purpose agents have seen fundamental advancements. However, evaluating these agents presents unique challenges that distinguish them from static QA benchmarks. We observe that current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pengyu Zhu , Li Sun , Philip S. Yu , Sen Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software development and AI applications. While LLMs are designed for text processing, LLM agents extend this capability by enabling autonomous actions, tool use, and multi-step task completion.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Niful Islam , Muhammad Anas Raza , Mohammad Wardat

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities for leveraging artificial intelligence in a variety of application domains, including cybersecurity. As the volume and sophistication of cyber threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hanxiang Xu , Shenao Wang , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Yanjie Zhao , Kai Chen , Ting Yu , Yang Liu , Haoyu Wang

Software debugging is a time-consuming endeavor involving a series of steps, such as fault localization and patch generation, each requiring thorough analysis and a deep understanding of the underlying logic. While large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Cheryl Lee , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Longji Yang , Jen-tse Huang , Zhouruixin Zhu , Lingming Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-Agent LLMs (MALLMs) introduce non-determinism unlike traditional or machine learning software, requiring new approaches to verifying correctness beyond simple output comparisons or statistical accuracy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Felix Dobslaw , Robert Feldt , Juyeon Yoon , Shin Yoo

Fault Localization (FL) is an essential step during the debugging process. With the strong capabilities of code comprehension, the recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in diagnosing bugs in the code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yihao Qin , Shangwen Wang , Yiling Lou , Jinhao Dong , Kaixin Wang , Xiaoling Li , Xiaoguang Mao

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) for structured information extraction from financial documents has accelerated rapidly, yet production deployments face fundamental architectural decisions with limited empirical guidance. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Siddhant Kulkarni , Yukta Kulkarni

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

A flurry of recent work has demonstrated that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be effective task planners for a variety of single-robot tasks. The planning performance of LLMs is significantly improved via prompting techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are difficult to reason about. Coordination errors such as deadlocks or type-mismatched messages are often hard to detect through testing. We introduce a domain-specific language for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Benedikt Bollig , Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak

Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Modern engineering increasingly relies on vast datasets generated by experiments and simulations, driving a growing demand for efficient, reliable, and broadly applicable modeling strategies. There is also heightened interest in developing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yang Liu , Zaid Abulawi , Abhiram Garimidi , Doyeong Lim

There are many bottlenecks that decrease the flexibility of automotive systems, making their long-term maintenance, as well as updates and extensions in later lifecycle phases increasingly difficult, mainly due to long re-engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Nenad Petrovic , Lukasz Mazur , Alois Knoll

Previous work has attempted to boost Large Language Model (LLM) performance on planning and scheduling tasks through a variety of prompt engineering techniques. While these methods can work within the distributions tested, they are neither…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Atharva Gundawar , Karthik Valmeekam , Mudit Verma , Subbarao Kambhampati

Unlike traditional automation tools or static LLM-based systems, agents combine decision-making and tool utilization to accomplish complex tasks, showing great potential in software engineering. However, existing studies largely focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhuowen Yin , Cuifeng Gao , Chunsong Fan , Wenzhang Yang , Yinxing Xue , Lijun Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have enabled complex multi-turn agentic tasks requiring extensive tool calling, where conversations can span dozens of API calls with increasingly large context windows. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Elias Lumer , Faheem Nizar , Akshaya Jangiti , Kevin Frank , Anmol Gulati , Mandar Phadate , Vamse Kumar Subbiah