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Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) are considered as one of the most encouraging approaches for taking advantage of near-term quantum computers in practical applications. Such…

Constrained combinatorial optimization with strict linear constraints underpins applications in drug discovery, power grids, logistics, and finance, yet remains computationally demanding for classical algorithms, especially at large scales.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Yajie Hao , Qiming Ding , Xiao Yuan , Xiaoting Wang

While the ultimate goal of solving computationally intractable problems is to find a provably optimal solutions, practical constraints of real-world scenarios often necessitate focusing on efficiently obtaining high-quality, near-optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Prashanti Priya Angara , Emily Martins , Ulrike Stege , Hausi Müller

Combinatorial optimization problems on graphs have broad applications in science and engineering. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a method to solve these problems on a quantum computer by applying multiple rounds of…

Optimization problems are ubiquitous in various industrial settings, and multi-knapsack optimization is one recurrent task faced daily by several industries. The advent of quantum computing has opened a new paradigm for computationally…

Constrained combinatorial optimization remains challenging for quantum algorithms because feasibility must be explicitly enforced, typically through penalty terms or problem-specific mixers. We introduce Partitioned-Constraint QAOA…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Anthony Wilkie , Alexander DeLise , Andrew Del Real , Rebekah Herrman , James Ostrowski

Quantum optimization solvers typically rely on one-variable-to-one-qubit mapping. However, the low qubit count on current quantum computers is a major obstacle in competing against classical methods. Here, we develop a qubit-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Maxime Dupont

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Lixue Cheng , Yu-Qin Chen , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shengyu Zhang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising variational quantum algorithm for addressing NP hard combinatorial optimization problems. However, a significant limitation lies in optimizing its classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Peter Gleißner , Georg Kruse , Andreas Roßkopf

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an approach for near-term quantum computers to potentially demonstrate computational advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the viability of the QAOA…

The prospect of using quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, a key limitation associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Alicia B. Magann , Kenneth M. Rudinger , Matthew D. Grace , Mohan Sarovar

In the rapidly advancing domain of quantum optimization, the confluence of quantum algorithms such as Quantum Annealing (QA) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with robust optimization methodologies presents a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Pascal Halffmann , Steve Lenk , Michael Trebing

A combinatorial optimization problem becomes very difficult in situations where the energy landscape is rugged, and the global minimum locates in a narrow region of the configuration space. When using the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Zhen-Duo Wang , Pei-Lin Zheng , Biao Wu , Yi Zhang

Quantum variational algorithms have garnered significant interest recently, due to their feasibility of being implemented and tested on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We examine the robustness of the quantum approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Yulong Dong , Xiang Meng , Lin Lin , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

Quantum computers may provide good solutions to combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The QAOA is often presented as an algorithm for noisy hardware. However, hardware…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), with performance governed by variational parameters $\{\gamma_i, \beta_i\}_{i=0}^{p-1}$. While most prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen

The presence of stochastic elements in combinatorial optimization problems makes them particularly challenging, as such problems quickly become intractable for classical computers even at relatively small sizes. In this work, we propose a…

Quantum computers are expected to accelerate solving combinatorial optimization problems, including algorithms such as Grover adaptive search and quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). However, many combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Takuya Yoshioka , Keita Sasada , Yuichiro Nakano , Keisuke Fujii

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a fundamental challenge in combinatorial optimization, widely applied in logistics and transportation. As the size of TSP instances grows, traditional algorithms often struggle to produce high-quality…

The efficient management of energy communities relies on the solution of the "prosumer problem", i.e., the problem of scheduling the household loads on the basis of the user needs, the electricity prices, and the availability of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 Carlo Mastroianni , Francesco Plastina , Luigi Scarcello , Jacopo Settino , Andrea Vinci