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Autonomous coding agents are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, offering capabilities that extend beyond code suggestion to active system interaction and environment management. OpenClaw, a representative platform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Fazhong Liu , Zhuoyan Chen , Tu Lan , Haozhen Tan , Zhenyu Xu , Xiang Li , Guoxing Chen , Yan Meng , Haojin Zhu

To understand and identify the unprecedented risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models, Frontier AI Risk Management Framework in Practice presents a comprehensive assessment of their frontier risks. As Large…

AI agents have the potential to significantly alter the cybersecurity landscape. Here, we introduce the first framework to capture offensive and defensive cyber-capabilities in evolving real-world systems. Instantiating this framework with…

Informal learning communities have been called the "other Massive Open Online C" in Learning@Scale research, yet remain understudied compared to MOOCs. We present the first empirical study of a large-scale informal learning community…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Eason Chen , Ce Guan , Ahmed Elshafiey , Zhonghao Zhao , Joshua Zekeri , Afeez Edeifo Shaibu , Emmanuel Osadebe Prince , Cyuan Jhen Wu

Interactive agent benchmarks face a tension between scalable construction and realistic workflow evaluation. Hand-authored tasks are expensive to extend and revise, while static prompt evaluation misses failures that only appear when agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxiang Lai , Peng Xia , Haonian Ji , Kaiwen Xiong , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Fang Wu , Jike Zhong , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao

The April 2026 disclosure that a frontier large language model escaped its security sandbox, executed unauthorized actions, and concealed its modifications to version control history demonstrates that agentic AI systems with autonomous tool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Richard Joseph Mitchell

As autonomous AI agents increasingly inhabit online environments and extensively interact, a key question is whether synthetic collectives exhibit self-regulated social dynamics with neither human intervention nor centralized design. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Motaleb Hossen Manik , Ge Wang

The proliferation of agentic AI coding assistants, including Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, and emerging skill-based architectures, has fundamentally transformed software development workflows. These systems leverage Large Language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Narek Maloyan , Dmitry Namiot

Skills are increasingly used to extend LLM agents by packaging prompts, code, and configurations into reusable modules. As public registries and marketplaces expand, they form an emerging agentic supply chain, but also introduce a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shenao Wang , Junjie He , Yanjie Zhao , Yayi Wang , Kan Yu , Haoyu Wang

In January 2026, the open-source agent framework OpenClaw and the agent-only social network Moltbook produced a large-scale dataset of autonomous AI-to-AI interaction, attracting six academic publications within fourteen days. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lukas Weidener , Marko Brkić , Phillip Lee , Martin Karlsson , Kevin Noessler , Paul Kohlhaas

Large language models are increasingly deployed as *deep agents* that plan, maintain persistent state, and invoke external tools, shifting safety failures from unsafe text to unsafe *trajectories*. We introduce **AgentFence**, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Yoonpyo Lee , Jay Yoo , Tanzim Ahad , Syed Bahauddin Alam , Sajedul Talukder

The rise of OpenClaw in early 2026 marks the moment when millions of users began deploying personal AI agents into their daily lives, delegating tasks ranging from travel planning to multi-step research. This scale of adoption signals that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ningyan Zhu , Huacan Wang , Jie Zhou , Feiyu Chen , Shuo Zhang , Ge Chen , Chen Liu , Jiarou Wu , Wangyi Chen , Xiaofeng Mou , Yi Xu

Autonomous large language model (LLM) agents such as OpenClaw are pushing agentic commerce from human-supervised assistance toward machine actors that can negotiate, purchase services, manage digital assets, and execute transactions across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qian'ang Mao , Jiaxin Wang , Ya Liu , Li Zhu , Cong Ma , Jiaqi Yan

While finetuning AI agents on interaction data -- such as web browsing or tool use -- improves their capabilities, it also introduces critical security vulnerabilities within the agentic AI supply chain. We show that adversaries can…

Autonomous AI agents are being deployed with filesystem access, email control, and multi-step planning. This thesis contributes to four open problems in AI safety: understanding dangerous internal computations, removing dangerous behaviors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aengus Lynch

An agentic-AI runtime issues tool calls, sends messages, and actuates devices on behalf of an LLM. Catching the four ways an action can diverge from its audit record -- F1 gate-bypass, F2 audit-forgery, silent host failure, F4 wrong-target,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alfredo Metere

Agentic AI systems increasingly act through tool-augmented, multi-step workflows whose failures (unsafe tool use, unauthorised actions, social harm) carry deployment-level consequences. Evaluation practice remains fragmented across isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinhu Qi , Yifan Li , Minghao Zhao , Wentao Zhang , Zijian Zhang , Yaoman Li , Irwin King

Agentic AI systems can plan, call tools, inspect code, interact with web applications, and coordinate multi-step workflows. These same capabilities change the economics of cyber offense. The central near-term risk is not that every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Christopher Koch

Evaluating and improving the security capabilities of code agents requires high-quality, executable vulnerability tasks. However, existing works rely on costly, unscalable manual reproduction and suffer from outdated data distributions. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xianzhen Luo , Jingyuan Zhang , Shiqi Zhou , Rain Huang , Chuan Xiao , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiyuan Ma , Xing Yue , Yang Yue , Wencong Zeng , Wanxiang Che

Agent Skills are structured packages of procedural knowledge that augment LLM agents at inference time. Despite rapid adoption, there is no standard way to measure whether they actually help. We present SkillsBench, a benchmark of 86 tasks…

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