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Diffusion models, which leverage stochastic processes to capture complex data distributions effectively, have shown their performance as generative models, achieving notable success in image-related tasks through iterative denoising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Toshihide Ubukata , Jialong Li , Kenji Tei

A growing number of applications involve settings where, in order to infer heterogeneous effects, a researcher compares various units. Examples of research designs include children moving between different neighborhoods, workers moving…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-04-03 Stephane Bonhomme , Angela Denis

Diagnosing and mitigating changes in model fairness under distribution shift is an important component of the safe deployment of machine learning in healthcare settings. Importantly, the success of any mitigation strategy strongly depends…

In this paper we discuss recent developments in econometrics that we view as important for empirical researchers working on policy evaluation questions. We focus on three main areas, where in each case we highlight recommendations for…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

Modern systems (e.g., deep neural networks, big data analytics, and compilers) are highly configurable, which means they expose different performance behavior under different configurations. The fundamental challenge is that one cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Pooyan Jamshidi , Marco Valtorta

In computer science, there is a distinction between closed systems, whose behavior is totally determined in advance, and open systems, that are systems maintaining a constant interaction with an unspecified environment. Closed systems are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-11-18 Axel Legay , Marco Faella

As input data distributions evolve, the predictive performance of machine learning models tends to deteriorate. In practice, new input data tend to come without target labels. Then, state-of-the-art techniques model input data distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Carlos Mougan , Klaus Broelemann , David Masip , Gjergji Kasneci , Thanassis Thiropanis , Steffen Staab

Machine learning approaches commonly rely on the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. In reality, however, this assumption is almost always violated due to distribution shifts between environments. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ronan Perry , Julius von Kügelgen , Bernhard Schölkopf

Joint species distribution models are popular in ecology for modeling covariate effects on species occurrence, while characterizing cross-species dependence. Data consist of multivariate binary indicators of the occurrences of different…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Federica Stolf , David B. Dunson

Science of science has become a popular topic that attracts great attentions from the research community. The development of data analytics technologies and the readily available scholarly data enable the exploration of data-driven…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Jie Hou , Hanxiao Pan , Teng Guo , Ivan Lee , Xiangjie Kong , Feng Xia

In this article, we briefly review the different aspects and applications of kinetic exchange models in economics and sociology. Our main aim is to show in what manner the kinetic exchange models for closed economic systems were inspired by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-08-07 Sanchari Goswami , Anirban Chakraborti

We develop new algorithms for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, combining recent developments in transfer learning for neural networks with insights from the causal inference literature. By taking advantage of transfer learning,…

In recent years, generative diffusion models have achieved a rapid paradigm shift in deep generative models by showing groundbreaking performance across various applications. Meanwhile, structured data, encompassing tabular and time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Heejoon Koo , To Eun Kim

Recent years have witnessed an increased focus on interpretability and the use of machine learning to inform policy analysis and decision making. This paper applies machine learning to examine travel behavior and, in particular, on modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Xilei Zhao , Xiang Yan , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Safely deploying machine learning models to the real world is often a challenging process. Models trained with data obtained from a specific geographic location tend to fail when queried with data obtained elsewhere, agents trained in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Marco Federici , Ryota Tomioka , Patrick Forré

We analyze the publication records of individual scientists, aiming to quantify the topic switching dynamics of scientists and its influence. For each scientist, the relations among her publications are characterized via shared references.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-11 An Zeng , Zhesi Shen , Jianlin Zhou , Ying Fan , Zengru Di , Yougui Wang , H. Eugene Stanley , Shlomo Havlin

Understanding how sustainable behaviors spread within heterogeneous societies requires the integration of behavioral data, social influence mechanisms, and structured approaches to control. In this paper, we propose a data-driven…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Martina Alutto , Sofia Bellotti , Fabrizio Dabbene , Chiara Ravazzi

Energy forecasting has attracted enormous attention over the last few decades, with novel proposals related to the use of heterogeneous data sources, probabilistic forecasting, online learn-ing, etc. A key aspect that emerged is that…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-05 Pierre Pinson , Liyang Han , Jalal Kazempour

Information access research (and development) sometimes makes use of gender, whether to report on the demographics of participants in a user study, as inputs to personalized results or recommendations, or to make systems gender-fair,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Christine Pinney , Amifa Raj , Alex Hanna , Michael D. Ekstrand

Distributed optimization algorithms are widely used in machine learning. This paper investigates how a small amount of data sharing can improve their performance. Focusing on general linear models, we analyze the effects of data sharing on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Mingxi Zhu , Yinyu Ye