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Organizational leaders are being asked to make high-stakes decisions about AI deployment without dependable evidence of what these systems actually do in the environments they oversee. The predominant AI evaluation ecosystem yields scalable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Reva Schwartz , Gabriella Waters

The rapid growth in the deployment and scale of modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems has intensified concerns regarding their environmental impacts, yet we still lack a comprehensive view of where and how these impacts arise across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Katherine Lambert , Sasha Luccioni

The advent of advanced AI underscores the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations, necessitating collaboration across communities (i.e., AI, software engineering, and governance). However, divergent practices and terminologies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Zhenchang Xing

Purpose: The governance of artificial iintelligence (AI) systems requires a structured approach that connects high-level regulatory principles with practical implementation. Existing frameworks lack clarity on how regulations translate into…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J. Nene

AI measurement science has a wide variety of methodologies and measurements for comparing AI systems, resulting in what often appear to be "apples-to-oranges" comparisons across AI evaluations. To move toward "apples-to-apples" comparisons…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yee-Yin Choong , Kristen Greene , Alice Qian , Meryem Marasli , Ziqi Yang , Sophia Chen , Laura Dabbish , Anand Rao , Hong Shen

Artificial Intelligence has rapidly become a cornerstone technology, significantly influencing Europe's societal and economic landscapes. However, the proliferation of AI also raises critical ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges. The…

This paper explores the potential of a multidisciplinary approach to testing and aligning artificial intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on large language models (LLMs). Due to the rapid development and wide application of LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Matteo Cinelli , Dubravko Culibrk , Boris Delibasic

Current test and evaluation (T&E) methods for assessing machine learning (ML) system performance often rely on incomplete metrics. Testing is additionally often siloed from the other phases of the ML system lifecycle. Research investigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Violet Turri , Rachel Dzombak , Eric Heim , Nathan VanHoudnos , Jay Palat , Anusha Sinha

Problem statement: Standardisation of AI fairness rules and benchmarks is challenging because AI fairness and other ethical requirements depend on multiple factors such as context, use case, type of the AI system, and so on. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal

Because artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly mediates organizational work, fairness has become a critical governance challenge. Existing frameworks often prioritize abstract ethical principles rather than fairness-specific ones and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Christoph Burtscher , Mateusz Dolata

Create an idea, prototype it, evaluate if users like it, then learn. It is the circle of business. If AI can operate in all parts of the circle, it will enable rapid iteration and learning speeds for businesses. Experiment platforms that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jeffrey Wong , Antoine Creux

Conventional AI evaluation approaches concentrated within the AI stack exhibit systemic limitations for exploring, navigating and resolving the human and societal factors that play out in real world deployment such as in education, finance,…

This report is a methodological reflection on Z-Inspection$^{\small{\circledR}}$. Z-Inspection$^{\small{\circledR}}$ is a holistic process used to evaluate the trustworthiness of AI-based technologies at different stages of the AI…

In the last years, the raise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and its pervasiveness in our lives, has sparked a flourishing debate about the ethical principles that should lead its implementation and use in society. Driven by these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Vita Santa Barletta , Danilo Caivano , Domenico Gigante , Azzurra Ragone

Traditional cybersecurity methodologies target deterministic systems and fail to address the probabilistic nature of AI, leaving systems vulnerable to attack vectors such as model inversion, data poisoning, and prompt injection. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tsafac Nkombong Regine Cyrille , Franziska Schwarz

Across the Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle - from hardware to development, deployment, and reuse - burdens span energy, carbon, water, and embodied impacts. Cloud provider tools improve transparency but remain heterogeneous and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Marcel Rojahn , Marcus Grum

Artificial Intelligence Virtual Cells (AIVCs) aim to learn executable, decision-relevant models of cell state from multimodal, multiscale measurements. Recent studies have introduced single-cell and spatial foundation models, improved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Chengpeng Hu , Calvin Yu-Chian Chen

Artificial intelligence pipelines -- spanning data collection, model training, deployment, and post-deployment monitoring -- concentrate ethical risks that intensify with multimodal and agentic systems. Existing governance instruments,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jasper Kyle Catapang

Evaluation is no longer a final checkpoint in the machine learning lifecycle. As AI systems evolve from static models to compound, tool-using agents, evaluation becomes a core control function. The question is no longer "How good is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ali El Filali , Inès Bedar

In the ever-expanding landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where innovation thrives and new products and services are continuously being delivered, ensuring that AI systems are designed and developed responsibly throughout their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Domenico Gigante , Marcos Kalinowski , Azzurra Ragone
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