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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

To build a safe system that would replicate and perhaps transcend human-level intelligence, three basic modules: objective, agent, and perception are proposed for development. The objective module would ensure that the system acts in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Ion Dronic

The emerging paradigm of AI co-scientists focuses on tasks characterized by repeatable verification, where agents explore search spaces in 'guess and check' loops. This paradigm does not extend to problems where repeated evaluation is…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as collaborative assistants, yet dominant NLP evaluation practices remain centered on aggregate metrics such as accuracy and fluency. These approaches often overlook behaviors that are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shi Ding , Sijian Tan

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

Analytics play an important role in modern business. Companies adapt data science lifecycles to their culture to seek productivity and improve their competitiveness among others. Data science lifecycles are fairly an important contributing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Rohith Mahadevan

In a world of daily emerging scientific inquisition and discovery, the prolific launch of machine learning across industries comes to little surprise for those familiar with the potential of ML. Neither so should the congruent expansion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Brianna Richardson , Juan E. Gilbert

As AI systems become integral to critical operations across industries and services, ensuring their reliability and safety is essential. We offer a framework that integrates established reliability and resilience engineering principles into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Saurabh Mishra , Anand Rao , Ramayya Krishnan , Bilal Ayyub , Amin Aria , Enrico Zio

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly deployed in biomedical research. However, current evaluation frameworks may inadequately assess their effectiveness as research collaborators. This rapid review examines benchmarking…

AI coding tools are widely adopted, but most teams plateau at prompt-and-review without a framework for systematic progression. This paper presents the AI Codebase Maturity Model (ACMM), a 6-level framework describing how codebases evolve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Andy Anderson

Conventional automated decision-support systems often prioritize predictive accuracy, overlooking the complexities of real-world settings where stakeholders' preferences may diverge or conflict. This can lead to outcomes that disadvantage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vittoria Vineis , Giuseppe Perelli , Gabriele Tolomei

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents capable of acting in open-ended environments, ensuring behavioral alignment with human values becomes a critical safety concern. Existing benchmarks, focused on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weixiang Zhao , Haozhen Li , Yanyan Zhao , xuda zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Mutual misunderstanding in contemporary society does not arise merely because people hold different opinions or values. Even under the same observations, different subjects may form different inferential targets, state representations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Toru Takahashi

Imitation learning techniques have been shown to be highly effective in real-world control scenarios, such as robotics. However, these approaches not only suffer from compounding error issues but also require human experts to provide…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yigit Korkmaz , Erdem Bıyık

Large artificial intelligence (AI) models have garnered significant attention for their remarkable, often "superhuman", performance on standardized benchmarks. However, when these models are deployed in high-stakes verticals such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Gaurav Verma , Jiawei Zhou , Mohit Chandra , Srijan Kumar , Munmun De Choudhury

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) across industry, government, and education highlights the urgent need for robust frameworks to conceptualise and guide engagement. This paper introduces the Hierarchy of Engagement…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Madara Ogot

Quantitative metrics are central to evaluating computer vision (CV) models, but they often fail to capture real-world performance due to protocol inconsistencies and ground-truth noise. While visual perception studies can complement these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ashkan Ganj , Yiqin Zhao , Tian Guo

As AI systems become embedded in real-world applications, ensuring they meet ethical standards is crucial. While existing AI ethics frameworks emphasize fairness, transparency, and accountability, they often lack actionable evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Sumit Verma , Pritam Prasun , Arpit Jaiswal , Pritish Kumar

Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence systems has inspired demands for greater transparency and accountability. However the datasets which empower machine learning are often used, shared and re-used with…

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