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The growing aging population has significantly increased demand for efficient home health care (HHC) services. This study introduces a Vehicle Routing and Appointment Scheduling Problem (VRASP) to simultaneously optimize caregiver routes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Yi Zhang , Zhenzhen Zhang

Indias e-commerce market is projected to grow rapidly, with last-mile delivery accounting for nearly half of operational expenses. Although vehicle routing problem (VRP) based solvers are widely used for delivery planning, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Milon Bhattacharya , Milan Kumar

Real-world path planning tasks typically involve multiple constraints beyond simple route optimization, such as the number of routes, maximum route length, depot locations, and task-specific requirements. Traditional approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dylan Shim , Minghan Wei

Finding a feasible and prompt solution to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a prerequisite for efficient freight transportation, seamless logistics, and sustainable mobility. Traditional optimization methods reach their limits when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Elija Deineko , Carina Kehrt

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a typical discrete combinatorial optimization problem, and many models and algorithms have been proposed to solve the VRP and its variants. Although existing approaches have contributed a lot to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Bingjie Li , Guohua Wu , Yongming He , Mingfeng Fan , Witold Pedrycz

We propose a Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) approach utilizing a learned construction heuristic based on neural networks as repair operator to solve the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Our method uses graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Jonas K. Falkner , Daniela Thyssens , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) involves distributing (identical) items from a depot to a set of demand locations, using a single capacitated vehicle. We study a generalization of this problem to the setting of multiple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-12-09 Inge Li Gortz , Marco Molinaro , Viswanath Nagarajan , R. Ravi

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a popular generalization of the Traveling Salesperson Problem. Instead of one salesperson traversing the entire weighted, undirected graph $G$, there are $k$ vehicles available to jointly cover the set…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michelle Döring , Jan Fehse , Tobias Friedrich , Paula Marten , Niklas Mohrin , Kirill Simonov , Farehe Soheil , Jakob Timm , Shaily Verma

Quantum computing (QC) is expected to solve incredibly difficult problems, including finding optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. However, to date, QC alone is still far to demonstrate this capability except on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-19 James B. Holliday , Eneko Osaba , Khoa Luu

This paper seeks to advance CVRP research by addressing the challenge of understanding the nuanced relationships between instance characteristics and metaheuristic (MH) performance. We present Instance Space Analysis (ISA) as a valuable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Alessandra M. M. M. Gouvêa , Nuno Paulos , Eduardo Uchoa , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Sinong Simon Zhan , Chengtian Lang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver state-of-the-art performance across many tasks but impose high computational and memory costs, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained or real-time settings. To address this, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nikunj Gupta , Bill Guo , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising learning-based paradigm for addressing Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by minimizing the need for extensive manual engineering. While existing NCO methods, trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yuanyao Chen , Rongsheng Chen , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang

Heuristics are commonly used to tackle various search and optimization problems. Design heuristics usually require tedious manual crafting with domain knowledge. Recent works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) into automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shunyu Yao , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) can model many real-world scenarios and often involve complex constraints. While recent neural methods excel in constructing solutions based on feasibility masking, they struggle with handling complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jieyi Bi , Yining Ma , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

Recent neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) methods have shown promising problem-solving ability without requiring domain-specific expertise. Most existing NCO methods use training and testing data with a fixed constraint value and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fu Luo , Yaoxin Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhenkun Wang

Conflict-Free Vehicle Routing Problems (CF-VRPs) arise in manufacturing, transportation and logistics facilities where Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are utilized to move loads. Unlike \textit{Vehicle Routing Problems} arising in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Emanuela Guerriero

Optimizing large-language model (LLM) training on distributed domain-specific accelerator systems presents significant challenges due to its complex optimization space. Existing optimization methods, however, rely on time-consuming manual…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuran Ding , Xinwei Chen , Xiaofan Zhang , Zongwei Zhou

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize emergency services by enabling faster, safer, and more efficient responses. This transformation is driven by advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Reinforcement Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yousef Emami , Radha Reddy , Azadeh Pourkabirian , Miguel Gutierrez Gaitan

Learning heuristics for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has gained much attention due to the less reliance on hand-crafted rules. However, existing methods are typically trained and tested on the same task with a fixed size and distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jianan Zhou , Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang