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The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across diverse cultural contexts necessitates a deeper understanding of LLMs' representations of different cultures. Prior work has focused on evaluating the cultural awareness of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haeun Yu , Seogyeong Jeong , Siddhesh Pawar , Jisu Shin , Jiho Jin , Junho Myung , Alice Oh , Isabelle Augenstein

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have established them as powerful tools across numerous domains. However, persistent concerns about embedded biases, such as gender, racial, and cultural biases arising from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hadi Mohammadi , Yasmeen F. S. S. Meijer , Efthymia Papadopoulou , Ayoub Bagheri

Cultural competence, defined as the ability to understand and adapt to multicultural contexts, is increasingly vital for large language models (LLMs) in global environments. While several cultural benchmarks exist to assess LLMs' cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xinyu Zhang , Pei Zhang , Shuang Luo , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Fei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

Large language models (LLMs) face challenges in aligning with diverse cultural values despite their remarkable performance in generation, which stems from inherent monocultural biases and difficulties in capturing nuanced cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jiahao Yuan , Zixiang Di , Shangzixin Zhao , Zhiqing Cui , Hanqing Wang , Guisong Yang , Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in solving mathematical problems expressed in natural language. However, multilingual and culturally-grounded mathematical reasoning in low-resource languages lags…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Israel Abebe Azime , Tadesse Destaw Belay , Dietrich Klakow , Philipp Slusallek , Anshuman Chhabra

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt their predictions to diverse cultural contexts to benefit diverse communities across the world. While previous efforts have focused on single-LLM, single-turn approaches, we propose to exploit the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Rachel Rudinger , Tianyi Zhou , Marine Carpuat

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted by users across the globe, who interact with them in a diverse range of languages. At the same time, there are well-documented imbalances in the training data and optimisation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Bram Bulté , Ayla Rigouts Terryn

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities at task-specific applications through fine-tuning, extending these benefits across diverse languages is essential for broad accessibility. However, effective cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently reflect the vast data distributions they encounter during their pre-training phase. As this data is predominantly sourced from the web, there is a high chance it will be skewed towards high-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fakhraddin Alwajih , Abdellah El Mekki , Hamdy Mubarak , Majd Hawasly , Abubakr Mohamed , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed worldwide, ensuring their fair and comprehensive cultural understanding is important. However, LLMs exhibit cultural bias and limited awareness of underrepresented cultures, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Taisei Yamamoto , Ryoma Kumon , Danushka Bollegala , Hitomi Yanaka

Knowledge Editing (KE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for updating facts in Large Language Models (LLMs) without retraining. However, progress in Multilingual Knowledge Editing (MKE) is currently hindered by biased evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yucheng Hu , Wei Zhou , Juesi Xiao

Building upon the considerable advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), we are now equipped to address more sophisticated tasks demanding a nuanced understanding of cross-cultural contexts. A key example is recipe adaptation, which goes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yong Cao , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Ruixiang Cui , Antonia Karamolegkou , Li Zhou , Megan Dare , Lucia Donatelli , Daniel Hershcovich

In a globalized world, cultural elements from diverse origins frequently appear together within a single visual scene. We refer to these as culture mixing scenarios, yet how Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) perceive them remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Eunsu Kim , Junyeong Park , Na Min An , Junseong Kim , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Jiho Jin , Julia Kruk , Amit Agarwal , Srikant Panda , Fenal Ashokbhai Ilasariya , Hyunjung Shim , Alice Oh

Large language models have become the latest trend in natural language processing, heavily featuring in the digital tools we use every day. However, their replies often reflect a narrow cultural viewpoint that overlooks the diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Alistair Plum , Anne-Marie Lutgen , Christoph Purschke , Achim Rettinger

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), trained primarily on English-centric data, frequently generate culturally inappropriate or misaligned responses in cross-cultural settings. To mitigate this, we introduce the task of cross-cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhen Zeng , Leijiang Gu , Feng Li , Jing Yu , Zenglin Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise but remain challenging to continually improve through traditional finetuning, particularly when integrating capabilities from other specialized LLMs. Popular methods like ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Shiyue Hou , Yifan Gong , Xin Meng , Pengwei Sui , Peiyan Dong , Xuan Shen , Zifeng Wang , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang