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Interpretability is often pointed out as a key requirement for trustworthy machine learning. However, learning and releasing models that are inherently interpretable leaks information regarding the underlying training data. As such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Julien Ferry , Ulrich Aïvodji , Sébastien Gambs , Marie-José Huguet , Mohamed Siala

Emergent patterns in complex systems are related to many intriguing phenomena in modern science and philosophy. Several conceptions such as weak, strong and robust emergence have been proposed to emphasize different epistemological and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-10-11 Alberto Pascual-García

Ubiquitous computing encapsulates the idea for technology to be interwoven into the fabric of everyday life. As computing blends into everyday physical artifacts, powerful opportunities open up for social connection. Prior connected media…

At the intersection of what I call uncomputable art and computational epistemology, a form of experimental philosophy, we find an exciting and promising area of science related to causation with an alternative, possibly best possible,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Hector Zenil

The study of experimental design offers tremendous benefits for answering causal questions across a wide range of applications, including agricultural experiments, clinical trials, industrial experiments, social experiments, and digital…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-27 Jinglong Zhao

The handling of probabilities in the form of uncertainty or partial information is an essential task for LLMs in many settings and applications. A common approach to evaluate an LLM's probabilistic reasoning capabilities is to assess its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Manuel Mondal , Ljiljana Dolamic , Gérôme Bovet , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux , Julien Audiffren

Uncertainty estimation in machine learning has traditionally focused on the prediction stage, aiming to quantify confidence in model outputs while treating learned representations as deterministic and reliable by default. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-20 Yiyao Yang

Popper's (1967) 'piecemeal social change' is an approach manifesting itself in science as critical and emancipatory (C&E) research. It is concerned with incrementally removing manifested inequalities to achieve a 'better' world. Although…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-15 J. Marcel Heusinger

The human intrinsic desire to pursue knowledge, also known as curiosity, is considered essential in the process of skill acquisition. With the aid of artificial curiosity, we could equip current techniques for control, such as Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Pietro Mazzaglia , Ozan Catal , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

In this paper, we consider one aspect of the problem of applying decision theory to the design of agents that learn how to make decisions under uncertainty. This aspect concerns how an agent can estimate probabilities for the possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Adam J. Grove , Daphne Koller

Defeasible reasoning is the mode of reasoning where conclusions can be overturned by taking into account new evidence. Existing cognitive science literature on defeasible reasoning suggests that a person forms a mental model of the problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Aman Madaan , Niket Tandon , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Peter Clark , Yiming Yang , Eduard Hovy

Uncertainty visualizations often emphasize point estimates to support magnitude estimates or decisions through visual comparison. However, when design choices emphasize means, users may overlook uncertainty information and misinterpret…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Alex Kale , Matthew Kay , Jessica Hullman

Design study is an established approach of conducting problem-driven visualization research. The academic visualizationcommunity has produced a large body of work for reporting on design studies, informed by a handful of theoretical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Jen Rogers , Austin H. Patton , Luke Harmon , Alexander Lex , Miriah Meyer

Algorithmic modeling relies on limited information in data to extrapolate outcomes for unseen scenarios, often embedding an element of arbitrariness in its decisions. A perspective on this arbitrariness that has recently gained interest is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Prakhar Ganesh , Afaf Taik , Golnoosh Farnadi

The representations of conditional entropy and conditional mutual information are significant in explaining the unique effects among variables. While previous studies based on conditional contrastive sampling have effectively removed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Keng Hou Leong , Yuxuan Xiu , Wai Kin , Chan

The goal of a scientific investigation is to find answers to specific questions. In geosciences this is typically achieved by solving an inference or inverse problem and interpreting the solution. However, the answer obtained is often…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Xin Zhang , Andrew Curtis

Information retrieval (IR) research must understand and contend with the social implications of the technology it produces. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Bhaskar Mitra

Serendipity has been associated with numerous benefits in the context of recommender systems, e.g., increased user satisfaction and consumption of long-tail items. Despite this, serendipity in the context of recommender systems has thus far…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Brett Binst , Lien Michiels , Annelien Smets

Amid the recent uptake of Generative AI, sociotechnical scholars and critics have traced a multitude of resulting harms, with analyses largely focused on values and axiology (e.g., bias). While value-based analyses are crucial, we argue…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Nava Haghighi , Sunny Yu , James Landay , Daniela Rosner

Randomness in scientific estimation is generally assumed to arise from unmeasured or uncontrolled factors. However, when combining subjective probability estimates, heterogeneity stemming from people's cognitive or information diversity is…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-14 Ville A. Satopää , Robin Pemantle , Lyle H. Ungar