Related papers: From raw data to processed spectra: A step-by-step…
Spectroscopic techniques are essential for studying material properties, but the small cross-sections of some methods may result in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the collected spectra. In this article we present methods, based on…
Mass spectrometry is the dominant technology in the field of proteomics, enabling high-throughput analysis of the protein content of complex biological samples. Due to the complexity of the instrumentation and resulting data, sophisticated…
Physical insight into a material can be first gained by its color since the reflectance spectrum from an object reflects its microstructure and complex reflective indices. We here present a comprehensive overview of electrodynamics and…
Experimental data in particle and nuclear physics, particle astrophysics, and radiation protection dosimetry are collected using experimental facilities that consist of a complex system of sensors, electronics, and software. Measured…
Imaging through a single optical fiber offers attractive possibilities in many applications such as microendoscopy or remote sensing. However, the direct transmission of an image through an optical fiber is difficult because spatial…
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has proved fundamental to our understanding of energy and charge transfer in biological systems, allowing measurements of photoactive proteins on sub-picosecond timescales. Recently, ultrafast TA…
Spectrogram-based representations have grown to dominate the feature space for deep learning audio analysis systems, and are often adopted for speech analysis also. Initially, the primary motivator for spectrogram-based representations was…
Quantum spectroscopy seeks to probe chemical systems using nonclassical light, which has properties that are qualitatively and quantitatively different than conventional light sources. One promising technique uses intensity-correlated twin…
Optical spectroscopy techniques such as differential reflectance and transmittance have proven to be very powerful techniques to study 2D materials. However, a thorough description of the experimental setups needed to carry out these…
Optical spectrometers are fundamental across numerous disciplines in science and technology. However, miniaturized versions, while essential for in situ measurements, are often restricted to coarse identification of signature peaks and…
Cross-spectral analysis is a mathematical tool for extracting the power spectral density of a correlated signal from two time series in the presence of uncorrelated interfering signals. We demonstrate and explain a set of conditions where…
Current optical manipulation techniques rely on carefully engineered setups and samples. Although similar conditions are routinely met in research laboratories, it is still a challenge to manipulate microparticles when the environment is…
Spectrograms visualize the frequency components of a given signal which may be an audio signal or even a time-series signal. Audio signals have higher sampling rate and high variability of frequency with time. Spectrograms can capture such…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved into a critical technology; however, electrical hardware struggles to keep pace with the exponential growth of AI models. Free space optical hardware provides alternative approaches for…
Photon-based spectroscopies have had a significant impact on both fundamental science and applications by providing an efficient approach to investigate the microscopic physics of materials. Together with the development of synchrotron…
The signal measured by an astronomical spectrometer may be due to radiation from a multi-component mixture of plasmas with a range of physical properties (e.g. temperature, Doppler velocity). Confusion between multiple components may be…
There is widespread interest in estimating the fluorescence properties of natural materials in an image. However, the separation between reflected and fluoresced components is difficult, because it is impossible to distinguish reflected and…
Optical stellar interferometers have demonstrated milli-arcsecond resolution with few apertures spaced hundreds of meters apart. To obtain rich direct images, many apertures will be needed, for a better sampling of the incoming wavefront.…
We describe a method to probe the spectral fluctuations of a transition over broad ranges of frequencies and timescales with the high spectral resolution of Fourier spectroscopy, and a temporal resolution as high as the excited state…
Several different approximations and techniques have been developed for the calculation of atomic structure, ionization, and excitation of atoms and ions. These techniques have been used to compute large amounts of spectroscopic data of…