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Generative Flow Network (GFlowNet) objectives implicitly fix an equal mixing of forward and backward policies, potentially constraining the exploration-exploitation trade-off during training. By further exploring the link between GFlowNets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Lin Chen , Samuel Drapeau , Fanghao Shao , Xuekai Zhu , Bo Xue , Yunchong Song , Mathieu Laurière , Zhouhan Lin

Although Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are designed to capture multiple modes of a reward function, they often suffer from mode collapse in practice, getting trapped in early-discovered modes and requiring prolonged training to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Idriss Malek , Aya Laajil , Abhijith Sharma , Eric Moulines , Salem Lahlou

Design of de novo biological sequences with desired properties, like protein and DNA sequences, often involves an active loop with several rounds of molecule ideation and expensive wet-lab evaluations. These experiments can consist of…

Uncovering rationales behind predictions of graph neural networks (GNNs) has received increasing attention over the years. Existing literature mainly focus on selecting a subgraph, through combinatorial optimization, to provide faithful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Wenqian Li , Yinchuan Li , Zhigang Li , Jianye Hao , Yan Pang

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are amortized inference models designed to sample from unnormalized distributions over composable objects, with applications in generative modeling for tasks in fields such as causal discovery, NLP, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Tiago da Silva , Eliezer de Souza da Silva , Diego Mesquita

This paper builds bridges between two families of probabilistic algorithms: (hierarchical) variational inference (VI), which is typically used to model distributions over continuous spaces, and generative flow networks (GFlowNets), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Nikolay Malkin , Salem Lahlou , Tristan Deleu , Xu Ji , Edward Hu , Katie Everett , Dinghuai Zhang , Yoshua Bengio

Generative models hold great promise for small molecule discovery, significantly increasing the size of search space compared to traditional in silico screening libraries. However, most existing machine learning methods for small molecule…

GFlowNets is a novel flow-based method for learning a stochastic policy to generate objects via a sequence of actions and with probability proportional to a given positive reward. We contribute to relaxing hypotheses limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Leo Maxime Brunswic , Yinchuan Li , Yushun Xu , Shangling Jui , Lizhuang Ma

Due to limited resources and fast economic growth, designing optimal transportation road networks with traffic simulation and validation in a cost-effective manner is vital for developing countries, where extensive manual testing is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Zarif Ikram , Ling Pan , Dianbo Liu

Multimedia systems underpin modern digital interactions, facilitating seamless integration and optimization of resources across diverse multimedia applications. To meet growing personalization demands, multimedia systems must efficiently…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yili Jin , Ling Pan , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu , Xue Liu

We introduce BatchGFN -- a novel approach for pool-based active learning that uses generative flow networks to sample sets of data points proportional to a batch reward. With an appropriate reward function to quantify the utility of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Shreshth A. Malik , Salem Lahlou , Andrew Jesson , Moksh Jain , Nikolay Malkin , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Yarin Gal

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a family of generative models that learn to sample objects from a given probability distribution, potentially known up to a normalizing constant. Instead of working in the object space, GFlowNets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Nikita Morozov , Ian Maksimov , Daniil Tiapkin , Sergey Samsonov

Despite recent advances, the remaining bottlenecks in deep generative models are necessity of extensive training and difficulties with generalization from small number of training examples. We develop a new generative model called…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Sergey Bartunov , Dmitry P. Vetrov

The Generative Flow Network (GFlowNet) is a probabilistic framework in which an agent learns a stochastic policy and flow functions to sample objects proportionally to an unnormalized reward function. A number of recent works explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Haoran He , Emmanuel Bengio , Qingpeng Cai , Ling Pan

In the last decades, the capacity to generate large amounts of data in science and engineering applications has been growing steadily. Meanwhile, machine learning has progressed to become a suitable tool to process and utilise the available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alex Hernandez-Garcia , Nikita Saxena , Moksh Jain , Cheng-Hao Liu , Yoshua Bengio

While generative modeling has achieved remarkable success on tasks like natural language-conditioned image generation, enabling model adaptation from example data points remains a relatively underexplored and challenging problem. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tyler Ingebrand , Ruihan Zhao , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) excel at sampling diverse, high-reward objects. In many practical applications where active reward queries are infeasible, these models must be trained using static offline datasets. Prevailing training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruishuo Chen , Xun Wang , Rui Hu , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

While one commonly trains large diffusion models by collecting datasets on target downstream tasks, it is often desired to align and finetune pretrained diffusion models with some reward functions that are either designed by experts or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhen Liu , Tim Z. Xiao , Weiyang Liu , Yoshua Bengio , Dinghuai Zhang

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are sequential sampling models trained to match a given distribution. GFlowNets have been successfully applied to various structured object generation tasks, sampling a diverse set of high-reward objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Marco Jiralerspong , Bilun Sun , Danilo Vucetic , Tianyu Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , Gauthier Gidel , Nikolay Malkin

We present energy-based generative flow networks (EB-GFN), a novel probabilistic modeling algorithm for high-dimensional discrete data. Building upon the theory of generative flow networks (GFlowNets), we model the generation process by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Dinghuai Zhang , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Liu , Alexandra Volokhova , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio