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Sequential Bayesian optimal experimental design (SBOED) for PDE-governed inverse problems is computationally challenging, especially for infinite-dimensional random field parameters. High-fidelity approaches require repeated forward and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Kaichen Shen , Peng Chen

This paper introduces two metrics (cycle-based and memory-based metrics), grounded on a dynamical game-theoretic solution concept called sink equilibrium, for the evaluation, ranking, and computation of policies in multi-agent learning. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Rui Yan , Xiaoming Duan , Zongying Shi , Yisheng Zhong , Jason R. Marden , Francesco Bullo

Large language models increasingly rely on either reinforcement learning or multi-agent prompting to improve reasoning, yet these two paradigms remain difficult to combine. Directly applying single-agent reinforcement learning to multi-turn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chusen Li , Zhou Liu , Shuigeng Zhou , Wentao Zhang

The discovery of Behavior Trees (BTs) impacted the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games, by providing flexible and natural representation of non-player characters (NPCs) logic, manageable by game-designers. Nevertheless, increased…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Andrzej Kozik , Tomasz Machalewski , Mariusz Marek , Adrian Ochmann

Sequential reasoning is a complex human ability, with extensive previous research focusing on gaming AI in a single continuous game, round-based decision makings extending to a sequence of games remain less explored. Counter-Strike: Global…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Yilei Zeng , Deren Lei , Beichen Li , Gangrong Jiang , Emilio Ferrara , Michael Zyda

Continual learning is the one of the most essential abilities for autonomous agents, which can incrementally learn daily-life skills. For this ultimate goal, a simple but powerful method, dark experience replay (DER), has been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Taisuke Kobayashi

We introduce a minimal model of multilevel selection on structured populations, considering the interplay between game theory and population dynamics. Through a bottleneck process, finite groups are formed with cooperators and defectors…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-02 Jeferson J. Arenzon , Luca Peliti

We seek a route to the equilibrium where all the agents cooperate in the iterated prisoner's dilemma game on a two-dimensional plane, focusing on the role of tit-for-tat strategy. When a time horizon, within which a strategy can recall the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2008-07-30 Seung Ki Baek , Beom Jun Kim

The realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) necessitates Embodied AI agents capable of robust spatial perception, effective task planning, and adaptive execution in physical environments. However, current large language models…

We introduce a model of estimation in the presence of strategic, self-interested sensors. We employ a game-theoretic setup to model the interaction between the sensors and the receiver. The cost function of the receiver is equal to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Farhad Farokhi , Andre M. H. Teixeira , Cedric Langbort

The brain in conjunction with the body is able to adapt to new environments and perform multiple behaviors through reuse of neural resources and transfer of existing behavioral traits. Although mechanisms that underlie this ability are not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Madhavun Candadai , Eduardo Izquierdo

Guided cooperation allows intelligent agents with heterogeneous capabilities to work together by following a leader-follower type of interaction. However, the associated control problem becomes challenging when the leader agent does not…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

Biological neural networks are capable of recruiting different sets of neurons to encode different memories. However, when training artificial neural networks on a set of tasks, typically, no mechanism is employed for selectively producing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Matthew J. Tilley , Michelle Miller , David J. Freedman

When people play a repeated game they usually try to anticipate their opponents' moves based on past observations, and then decide what action to take next. Behavioural economics studies the mechanisms by which strategic decisions are taken…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-04-20 Tobias Galla

Deep Reservoir Computing has emerged as a new paradigm for deep learning, which is based around the reservoir computing principle of maintaining random pools of neurons combined with hierarchical deep learning. The reservoir paradigm…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Matthew Evanusa , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Long-term memory has emerged as a foundational component of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, enabling continuous adaptation, lifelong multimodal learning, and sophisticated reasoning. However, as memory systems transition from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chingkwun Lam , Jiaxin Li , Lingfei Zhang , Kuo Zhao

Information processing abilities of active matter are studied in the reservoir computing (RC) paradigm to infer the future state of a chaotic signal. We uncover an exceptional regime of agent dynamics that has been overlooked previously. It…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-01-26 Mario U. Gaimann , Miriam Klopotek

Modern retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems treat vector embeddings as static, context-free artifacts: an embedding has no notion of when it was created, how trustworthy its source is, or which other embeddings depend on it. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Naizhong Xu

Cooperation in heterogeneous groups, where individuals differ in resources, productivity, and behavioural responsiveness, underpins collective action across many social and biological systems. Introspection dynamics, in which each player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Harry Foster , Vincent A. Knight , Sebastian Krapohl

The existence of simple uncoupled no-regret learning dynamics that converge to correlated equilibria in normal-form games is a celebrated result in the theory of multi-agent systems. Specifically, it has been known for more than 20 years…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Gabriele Farina , Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti