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The machine learning community has become increasingly interested in the energy efficiency of neural networks. The Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is a promising approach to energy-efficient computing, since its activation levels are quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Aaron R. Voelker , Daniel Rasmussen , Chris Eliasmith

Benefiting from the event-driven and sparse spiking characteristics of the brain, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are becoming an energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, the performance gap between SNNs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Man Yao , Guangshe Zhao , Hengyu Zhang , Yifan Hu , Lei Deng , Yonghong Tian , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

The primate visual cortex exhibits topographic organization, where functionally similar neurons are spatially clustered, a structure widely believed to enhance neural processing efficiency. While prior works have demonstrated that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Deming Zhou , Yuetong Fang , Zhaorui Wang , Renjing Xu

Unlike traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), biological neuronal networks solve complex cognitive tasks with sparse neuronal activity, recurrent connections, and local learning rules. These mechanisms serve as design principles in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Matteo Saponati , Chiara De Luca , Giacomo Indiveri , Benjamin Grewe

Although existing deep learning-based Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) channel estimation methods achieve high accuracy, their computational intensity clashes sharply with the resource constraints of low-cost edge devices. Motivated by this, this…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Youdong Zhang , Xu He , Xiaolin Meng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increasing attention due to their low power consumption and strong bio-plausibility. Optimization of SNNs is a challenging task. Two main methods, artificial neural network (ANN)-to-SNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chunming Jiang , Yilei Zhang

The efficiency of modern machine intelligence depends on high accuracy with minimal computational cost. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), synaptic delays are crucial for encoding temporal structure, yet existing models treat them as fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Mario Negrello , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

Third-generation neural networks, or Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), aim at harnessing the energy efficiency of spike-domain processing by building on computing elements that operate on, and exchange, spikes. In this paper, the problem of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-23 Alireza Bagheri , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

It is well-known that deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown remarkable success in many fields. However, when adding an imperceptible magnitude perturbation on the model input, the model performance might get rapid decrease. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Hao Yang , Min Wang , Zhengfei Yu , Yun Zhou

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) show great potential due to their energy efficiency, fast processing capabilities, and robustness. There are two main approaches to constructing SNNs. Direct training methods require much memory, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zihan Huang , Xinyu Shi , Zecheng Hao , Tong Bu , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are gaining interest due to their event-driven processing which potentially consumes low power/energy computations in hardware platforms, while offering unsupervised learning capability due to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Shafique

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention as a promising alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their potential for energy efficiency and their ability to model spiking behavior in biological systems.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Hadjer Benmeziane , Amine Ziad Ounnoughene , Imane Hamzaoui , Younes Bouhadjar

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) owing to their asynchronous, sparse, and binary information processing. To improve the energy-efficiency and throughput,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

In many cases, the computing resources are limited without the benefit from GPU, especially in the edge devices of IoT enabled systems. It may not be easy to implement complex AI models in edge devices. The Universal Approximation Theorem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Hongmei He , Mengyuan Chen , Gang Xu , Zhilong Zhu , Zhenhuan Zhu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted much attention for their high energy efficiency and recent advances in classification performance. However, unlike traditional deep learning approaches, the study of SNN robustness to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nuo Xu , Kaleel Mahmood , Haowen Fang , Ethan Rathbun , Caiwen Ding , Wujie Wen

This study proposes a hybrid curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL) framework based on a fully spiking neural network (SNN) for 9-degree-of-freedom robotic arms performing target reaching and grasping tasks. To reduce network complexity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Liwen Zhang , Heng Deng , Guanghui Sun

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically-inspired deep neural networks that efficiently extract temporal information while offering promising gains in terms of energy efficiency and latency when deployed on neuromorphic devices. SNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sanja Karilanova , Maxime Fabre , Emre Neftci , Ayça Özçelikkale

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) emerged as a promising solution in the field of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), attracting the attention of researchers due to their ability to mimic the human brain and process complex information with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Pavithra Koralalage , Ireoluwa Fakeye , Pedro Machado , Jason Smith , Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Salisu Wada Yahaya , Andreas Oikonomou , Ahmad Lotfi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise higher energy efficiency over conventional Quantized Artificial Neural Networks (QNNs) due to their event-driven, spike-based computation. However, prevailing energy evaluations often oversimplify,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhanglu Yan , Zhenyu Bai , Weng-Fai Wong